Response of Atlantic salmon in flexible sea cages to waves and currents: Measurements at farm-level and modeling

Klebert, Pascal; Su, Bitao; Nissen, Oscar; Kvæstad, Bjarne

doi:10.1016/j.apor.2023.103599

Applied Ocean Research

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2023.103599

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Response of Atlantic salmon in flexible sea cages to waves and currents: Measurements at farm-level and modeling

Pascal Klebert

Bitao Su

Oscar Nissen

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

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Effect of diel light cycles on vertical migration patterns of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) copepodids measured in an in situ mesocosm

Hagemann,

Kvæstad,

Venås

2024

Aquacult Int

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The ectoparasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) persists as a major hindrance for continued growth of the Norwegian salmon industry. Shielding technologies or management strategies are being used to reduce the likelihood of contact in the net pens between the salmon and the sea lice’s infectious copepodid stage. Knowledge about the vertical distribution and diel migration patterns of the planktonic sea lice stages are inevitably a premise for such water-depth-dependent avoidance technologies to be efficient; however, not many studies have investigated diel vertical migration patterns of sea lice in situ or in relevant scales. In this work, we aimed to monitor the diel migration of L. salmonis copepodids in the vertical plane without the influence of hydrographical forces, using sufficient water column depth of 11 m, natural thermoclines, and natural exogenous light conditions. We followed a cohort of copepodids over the course of 4 days and measured their vertical distribution in the water column twice per hour in a custom made mesocosm, using automatic particle detection and machine learning to analyse position and migration patterns. The L. salmonis copepodid population displayed reverse diel migration, and we found a statistically significant interaction between depth and time. During the day, copepodids were found in the upper 1 m of the water column, before the majority of the population descended to 1–2 m depth during night-time. A small fraction of the population remained in the upper part of the water column also during night-time. A significantly higher fraction of the copepodid population resided in the upper metre during daylight hours compared to other depths. These results could be utilised as input in sea lice dispersal models which are important management tools in today’s sea lice prevention strategies and regulatory frameworks.

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Effect of diel light cycles on vertical migration patterns of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) copepodids measured in an in situ mesocosm

Hagemann,

Kvæstad,

Venås

2024

Aquacult Int

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Exposed Aquaculture Operations: Strategies for Safety and Fish Welfare

Bjelland,

Folkedal,

Føre

et al. 2024

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The expansion of aquaculture production into more exposed harsh and remote ocean environments presents both new opportunities and challenges. To manage the complexities of exposed operations, research into fish welfare, personnel safety, and facilitating technology is thus of key importance. This paper reviews recent research advances in the areas of safety, fish welfare, and technology, while the focus is on the Norwegian salmon farming industry, the results could benefit exposed fish farming internationally. Regarding fish welfare, the study summarizes the current knowledge status of salmon coping abilities and welfare indicators in strong currents and waves. On the safety front, there has been significant progress in operational safety management, accident analysis, and emergency preparedness, all of which are crucial for human personnel in these demanding settings. Human safety and fish welfare also rely on structures and equipment, and recent research results include advances in environmental load analysis, vessel design, simulations of fish farms. Notably, the development of contact‐free, autonomous lifting operations, and hole detection methods represents a significant leap in maintaining aquaculture infrastructure. This multidisciplinary study underscores the need for integrated research approaches to address exposed aquaculture, emphasizing that while recent innovations have enhanced safety and robustness, ongoing research and new strategies are critical for safety and fish welfare in exposed aquaculture operations.

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Response of Atlantic salmon in flexible sea cages to waves and currents: Measurements at farm-level and modeling

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of diel light cycles on vertical migration patterns of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) copepodids measured in an in situ mesocosm

Effect of diel light cycles on vertical migration patterns of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) copepodids measured in an in situ mesocosm

Exposed Aquaculture Operations: Strategies for Safety and Fish Welfare

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