Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors

Stehfest, Kilian M.; Carter, Chris; McAllister, Jaime D.; Ross, D. J.; Semmens, Jayson M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04806-2

Cited by 111 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, in lower latitude production areas, such as Ireland and Tasmania, Atlantic salmon can be cultured at temperatures of ca. 15°C and other studies showed a larger range of survival/growth temperatures for Atlantic salmon (Johansson, Ruohonen, Juell, & Oppedal, ; Oppedal, Vågseth, Dempster, Juell, & Johansson, ; Stehfest, Carter, McAllister, Ross, & Semmens, ) up to a maximum of 22°C (Elliott & Elliott, ). Atlantic salmon thermal tolerance seems to be correlated with previous acclimation to temperature, and differences among studies depend on the methods used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development: Does it play a role?

Benedicenti

Pottinger

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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A relationship between increasing water temperature and amoebic gill disease (AGD) prevalence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has been noted at fish farms in numerous countries. In Scotland (UK), temperatures above 12°C are considered to be an important risk factor for AGD outbreaks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test for the presence of an association between temperature and variation in the severity of AGD in Atlantic salmon at 10 and 15°C. The results showed an association between temperature and variation in AGD severity in salmon from analysis of histopathology and Paramoeba perurans load, reflecting an earlier and stronger infection post‐amoebae exposure at the higher temperature. While no significant difference between the two temperature treatment groups was found in plasma cortisol levels, both glucose and lactate levels increased when gill pathology was evident at both temperatures. Expression analysis of immune‐ and stress‐related genes showed more modulation in gills than in head kidney, revealing an organ‐specific response and an interplay between temperature and infection. In conclusion, temperature may not only affect the host response, but perhaps also favour higher attachment/growth capacity of the amoebae as seen with the earlier and stronger P. perurans infection at 15°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development: Does it play a role?

Benedicenti

Pottinger

Collins

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…While some studies have observed avoidance of extremely poor DO conditions (Johansson et al 2007, Stehfest et al 2017, evidence suggests that other environmental factors, such as temperature and light, override behavioural avoidance of moderate DO levels known to reduce feed intake and growth (Johansson et al 2006, Oldham et al 2017, Solstorm et al 2018. Such uneven distribution can result in intense crowding and observed fish densities as much as 20× the stocking density (Oppedal et al 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results confirm the expectation that DO levels are lower in larger cages, but also demonstrate that larger cage sizes can be used without impacting salmon production performance or welfare when ambient DO conditions are sufficient, such as those recorded throughout this study. However, in locations with lower rates of DO replenishment, such as the conditions observed by Stehfest et al (2017) in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, shifting to larger cages is not recommended. Even in this study, with low stocking densities and high replenishment rates, limiting DO conditions occurred in the large cages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor DO conditions, below levels known to cause reduced feed consumption and in some cases even death, have been documented in standard commercial salmon cages (12 500 to 24 500 m 3 ) on 3 continents (Bergheim et al 2006, Johansson et al 2007, Burt et al 2012, Stehfest et al 2017. For this reason, any alterations to production strategy which may in crease the likelihood of poor DO conditions, such as in creasing cage size, should be approached with caution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cage size affects dissolved oxygen distribution in salmon aquaculture

Oldham¹,

Oppedal²,

Dempster³

2018

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Atlantic salmon aquaculture is shifting toward larger cages, but the water quality implications of this shift are unknown. While larger cages could improve profitability through economies of scale, they may increase the risk of low dissolved O 2 (DO) conditions due to reduced water exchange. Low DO conditions reduce feed intake, meaning that the benefits of shifting to larger cages must be weighed against potential negative impacts on fish growth. To test the impact of cage size on DO distribution, we recorded DO saturation in several circular cages of 2 different sizes on a commercial salmon farm: 6 with 168 m and 4 with 240 m circumference. Static strings of DO loggers at 1, 4.5, 8, 12 and 16 m depths recorded DO saturation once every 60 s throughout a 10 d period in midsummer. Overall, DO levels in standard 168 m circumference cages were suitable for salmon feeding and growth. DO levels were highly variable (57 to 134% saturation), and were lower in cages than at the reference site. On average, DO saturation decreased with depth, and was lowest during the early morning hours. Lowest DO measurements occurred in the large 240 m circumference cages, where 1 in 20 of all recordings were at levels known to reduce salmon feeding and growth. DO levels in larger cages can suit salmon production, but site-specific environmental conditions throughout the year must be considered to ensure there is sufficient capacity to tolerate reduced water exchange.

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“…Although evidence of avoidance responses to contamination has been widely reported for many fish species (see review by Araújo et al, 2016), it is recognized that habitat selection processes may be conditioned by several factors other than contamination, such as temperature (Stehfest et al, 2017), pH (Fost and Ferreri, 2015), presence of predators (Scherer and Smee, 2016), and competitors (Dunlop et al, 2006), among others. In the natural environment, organisms are simultaneously exposed to several factors, so it is necessary to understand the extent to which contamination determines the habitat selection process and the ways that these factors affect the avoidance response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aquatic contaminants on the habitat selection and spatial distribution in fish: a complementary approach to traditional ecotoxicological tests

Silva¹

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Dedicatória Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Ângela e Iberê, e à minha esposa e filho, Verónica e Gael, sem os quais eu não teria a inspiração e forças necessárias para chegar onde cheguei! Dedico também ao meu tio Clemente Silva Vieira Filho (in memorian), um dos homems mais humildes e altruístas que já conheci! ~ vi ~ Epígrafe "Let me tell you something you already know. The world ain't all sunshine and rainbows. It's a very mean and nasty place and i don't care how tough you are it will beat you to your knees and keep you there permanently if you let it. You, me, or nobody is gonna hit as hard as life. But it ain't about how hard ya hit. It's about how hard you can get hit and keep moving forward. How much you can take and keep moving forward. That's how winning is done!" Rocky Balboa. Directed by: Sylvester Stallone. Hollywood (U.S.A.): MGM Studios / Columbia Pictures, 2007, DVD. ~ vii ~ Agradecimentos A Deus, ADONAI, por ser minha fonte de forças e energia! Aos meus pais Ângela e Iberê, os quais sempre me apoiaram em toda a minha trajetória. A minha esposa Verónica, minha amada e companheira! Ao meu filho Gael, um menino lindo, que veio trazer inspiração e forças para que eu continuasse lutando! A minha família do Brasil... Roberta, Rodrigo, João Victor, Rafa e Tio Ricardo: A presença de vocês é indispensável para mim! A minha família da Argentina: Os considero como irmãos de sangue! Aos meu querido orientador e co-orientadores: Marcelo Pompêo, Teresa Paiva e Cristiano Araújo, os quais possibilitaram meu crescimento como profissional, me apoiando em todas as decisões científicas e acadêmicas! Vocês foram o pilar de mais essa minha vitória! Aos colegas de pós-graduação do DEBIQ, especialmente ao Douglas, Rodrigo Marassi, Fernanda Sampaio, Patrícia, Lucas e Luiz. As minhas maravilhosas alunas de IC: Thaíse e Amanda. Vocês foram um apoio imprescindível para minhas pesquisas! À Lucinha, minha técnica favorita! Aos pesquisadores e companheiros que me auxiliaram na escrita de meus artigos: Rui Ribeiro (Portugal), Julio Cézar Lopez-Doval (Espanha), Fernanda França, M. Neto (apoio total na reta final) e a querida Sheila Cardoso-Silva.

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Response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to temperature and dissolved oxygen extremes established using animal-borne environmental sensors

Cited by 111 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development: Does it play a role?

Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development: Does it play a role?

Cage size affects dissolved oxygen distribution in salmon aquaculture

Effects of aquatic contaminants on the habitat selection and spatial distribution in fish: a complementary approach to traditional ecotoxicological tests

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