Response of atmospheric carbon dioxide to the secular variation of weakening geomagnetic field in whole atmosphere simulations

Zhou, Xiqiang; Yue, Xinan; Liu, Hanli; Wei, Yong; Pan, Yongxin

doi:10.26464/epp2021040

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…3 of 8 the ionosphere-thermosphere system (Cnossen, 2014;Yue et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2021), the geomagnetic fields in all three cases are conformably set for the same configuration.…”

Section: 1029/2021gl097354mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geomagnetic condition is for a low‐to‐unsettled magnetic disturbance condition (HP = 50 GW; SWS = 500 km/s; IMF By = 0, Bz = 8 nT; CPCP = 60 keV), which corresponds to a Kp of approximately 4. To exclude the effects of secular geomagnetic field variation on the ionosphere‐thermosphere system (Cnossen, 2014; Yue et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2021), the geomagnetic fields in all three cases are conformably set for the same configuration.…”

Section: Model Description and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Changes on the Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Zhou

Yue

Ren

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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In this work, we examine the impact of increased anthropogenic emissions on equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) occurrence by modeling the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability (γRT ${\gamma }_{RT}$), which is closely related to EPB generation. Using the global coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere‐electrodynamics model‐institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences model, γRT ${\gamma }_{RT}$ is calculated under three different CO2 emission levels. As CO2 increases, γRT ${\gamma }_{RT}$ significantly increases at low altitudes (<∼260 km) and decreases at high altitudes (>∼320 km). In the altitudes in between, γRT ${\gamma }_{RT}$ increases (decreases) before (after) midnight. Longitudinal variability of the γRT ${\gamma }_{RT}$ change is manifested apparently above ∼280 km, while it is insignificant for low altitudes. Term analysis revealed that changes in the gravity term and the electric‐field term are the main causes and that the neutral‐wind term is insignificant. The investigation indicates that increased anthropogenic emissions can change EPB occurrence and, in turn, the radio‐communication system and therefore influence modern technological systems, which is expected to be more serious in the future.

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“…3 of 8 the ionosphere-thermosphere system (Cnossen, 2014;Yue et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2021), the geomagnetic fields in all three cases are conformably set for the same configuration.…”

Section: 1029/2021gl097354mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Description and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Changes on the Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Zhou

Yue

Ren

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…(2021) study examined simulations from the same version of the WACCM‐X model as this study, the global mean changes discussed here, especially in the thermosphere, can be attributed almost entirely to greenhouse gas increases with the caveat as pointed out in Zhou et al. (2021) that these magnetic field changes can redistribute CO 2 in the upper atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…They found, when looking at global mean changes, such as in this study, the varying geographically local magnetic field effects result in both positive and negative changes and offset, resulting in negligible contribution in a global mean sense. Since the Qian et al (2021) study examined simulations from the same version of the WACCM-X model as this study, the global mean changes discussed here, especially in the thermosphere, can be attributed almost entirely to greenhouse gas increases with the caveat as pointed out in Zhou et al (2021) that these magnetic field changes can redistribute CO 2 in the upper atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere From the Early Twentieth Century to Early Twenty‐First Century Simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended

McInerney,

Qian,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Motivated by numerous lower atmosphere climate model hindcast simulations, we performed simulations of the Earth's atmosphere from the surface up through the thermosphere‐ionosphere to reveal for the first time the century scale changes in the upper atmosphere from the 1920s through the 2010s using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended (WACCM‐X v. 2.1). We impose solar minimum conditions to get a clear indication of the effects of the long‐term forcing from greenhouse gas increases and changes of the Earth's magnetic field and to avoid the requirement for careful removal of the 11‐year solar cycle as in some previous studies using observations and models. These previous studies have shown greenhouse gas effects in the upper atmosphere but what has been missing is the time evolution with actual greenhouse gas increases throughout the last century, including the period of less than 5% increase prior to the space age and the transition to the over 25% increase in the latter half of the 20th century. Neutral temperature, density, and ionosphere changes are close to those reported in previous studies. Also, we find high correlation between the continuous carbon dioxide rate of change over this past century and that of temperature in the thermosphere and the ionosphere, attributed to the shorter adjustment time of the upper atmosphere to greenhouse gas changes relative to the longer time in the lower atmosphere. Consequently, WACCM‐X future scenario projections can provide valuable insight in the entire atmosphere of future greenhouse gas effects and mitigation efforts.

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“…estimated values for height‐integrated Pederson conductivity ( ΣP ) and Hall conductivity ( ΣH ) under different strengths of geomagnetic field; numerical calculations indicate that at 10% of normal geomagnetic field strength, ΣP is 42 times stronger, while ΣH is 26 times stronger respectively. Consequently, in regions where the geomagnetic field is weaker, current density and geomagnetic perturbations are stronger (Cnossen et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of the Modulation of the Geomagnetic Field Configuration on the Seasonal Variation of Ionospheric Sq Currents

Liu,

Ren,

Wei

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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Based on Global Coupled Ionosphere‐Thermosphere‐Electrodynamics Model, the solution of the 3‐dimensional current in the ionospheric region, the equivalent sheet current and filed‐aligned current are examined. The simulation study enables a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the geomagnetic field configuration, especially the non‐dipole component and tilt angle, on the ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. Different geomagnetic field configurations are specified in the present work, including realistic geomagnetic field (RGF), tilted dipole geomagnetic field (TDGF) and zero‐declination dipole geomagnetic field (ZDGF). Our simulation focuses on the seasonal variation of Sq current, primarily governed by annual and semi‐annual variation. The modulation of the tilt angle of the geomagnetic field is globally distributed, whereas the modulation of the geomagnetic anomaly is localized. At mid‐latitudes, the annual mean and semi‐annual amplitudes of the Sq current are negatively correlated with the magnetic field strength, especially shown in geomagnetic anomaly area, while there is the opposite effect in the geomagnetic conjugate regions of the opposite hemispheres. The annual variation of Sq current system is more affected by the offset of the geomagnetic latitudes and geographical latitudes. The seasonal variation of the total Sq current is also modulated by the geomagnetic field. The annual mean, the annual and semi‐annual components of the total Sq current are negatively correlated with the magnetic field strength, while the annual variation is also controlled by the tilt angle of the geomagnetic field. The solar radiation affects the semi‐annual variation of the current more strongly than the annual variation.

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Response of atmospheric carbon dioxide to the secular variation of weakening geomagnetic field in whole atmosphere simulations

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Changes on the Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Changes on the Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles

Climate Change in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere From the Early Twentieth Century to Early Twenty‐First Century Simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended

A Simulation Study of the Modulation of the Geomagnetic Field Configuration on the Seasonal Variation of Ionospheric Sq Currents

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