Response of barley grains to the interactive e.ect of salinity and salicylic acid

Abstract

Effect of grain soaking presowing in 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) and NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) on barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Gerbel) was studied. Increasing of NaCl level reduced the germination percentage, the growth parameters (fresh and dry weight), potassium, calcium, phosphorus and insoluble sugars content in both shoots and roots of 15-day old seedlings. Leaf relative water content (RWC) and the photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b and carotenoids) contents also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. On the other hand, Na, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, free amino acids including proline content and lipid peroxidation level and peroxidase activity were increased in the two plant organs with increasing of NaCl level. Electrolyte leakage from plant leaves was found to increase with salinity level. SApretreatment increased the RWC, fresh and dry weights, water, photosynthetic pigments, insolube saccharides, phosphorus content and peroxidase activity in the stressed seedlings. On the contrary, Na + , soluble proteins content, lipid peroxidation level, electrolyte leakage were markedly reduced under salt stress with SA than without. Under stress conditions, SA-pretreated plants exhibited less Ca 2+ and more accumulation of K + , and soluble sugars in roots at the expense of these contents in the plant shoots. Exogenous application (Grain soaking presowing) of SA appeared to induce preadaptive response to salt stress leading to promoting protective reactions to the photosynthetic pigments and maintain the membranes integrity in barley plants, which reflected in improving the plant growth.

The physiological response of Artemisia annua L. to salt stress and salicylic acid treatment

“…In this study, Na + /K + (Table 2) gradually increased with increasing salt concentration in each organ of the evaluated plants; a strong negative correlation between K + over Na + uptake in A. annua under salinity was observed. Our results were consistent with previous studies (El-Tayeb 2005;Guo et al 2011;He and Zhu 2008). Obviously, increased ratio of Na + and K + was the result of excessive Na + uptake.…”

Comparative Effects of Drought and Salt Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of <i>Pennisetum divisum</i> (Gmel.) Henr.

“…According to Mayer and PoljakoffMayber (1989) results like this could be attributed to absence of energy to start the germination process, as energy was obtained by increments in the respiratory pathway after the ambition and in low levels of water potential tax water absorption was processed slowly. Reduction in germination by an increase of salinity levels has been described by numerous authors (Breen et al, 1977;Ungar, 1982;El-Tayeb, 2005;Azhdari et al, 2010).…”

Zinc application mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl stress on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] through modulating compatible organic solutes, antioxidant enzymes, and flavonoid content

“…Salt stress is known to hamper the synthesis of enzymes involved in the generation and protection of photosynthetic pigments (El-Tayeb 2005). Destruction of these enzymes via salt stress triggers changes in the structure and stability of the pigment-protein complex, leading to chlorophyllase up-regulation and enhanced chlorophyll degradation; this process may be the cause for reduced chlorophyll content in salt-stressed plants (Fang et al 1998).…”