Response of Berseem Clover (Trifolium Alexandrinum L.) to Chemical, Biological and Integrated Use of Fertilizers

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of different fertilizer types on the vegetative growth characteristics, yield and forage quality of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), the present experiment was conducted in Mahidasht Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station (Kermanshah, Iran), during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The experimental treatments consisted of control (no fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer and different combinations of chemical and biological fertilizing systems. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed for analysis of the data for each year. A combined analysis of variance was conducted to compare the data from the two years of the experiment. The results showed that the highest forage yield (172.1 g/m2) was produced in integrated fertilizer application (urea chemical fertilizer + mycorrhiza treatment). The highest crude protein content of 25% was obtained from integrated biological fertilizer treatment (nitrogen-fixing bacteria + phosphorussolubilizing bacteria treatment). The superiority of integrated fertilizer application for higher forage production and biological fertilizer application for higher forage quality in berseem clover could be recommended by the results of this experiment. Application of integrated fertilizing treatments not only optimized the chemical fertilizer application (consequently reducing the environmental pollutions), but it also enhanced forage quality in terms of higher macro a micronutrients concentrations. According to the results of this study it could be concluded that integrated fertilizing treatments may be accounted more efficient in dry farming than in irrigated agroecosystems.

Impact of Bio-Chemical Phosphorus Fertilization and Lithovit Regimes on Some Qualitative Traits of Various Berseem Varieties

“…Raising phosphorus fertilizer level tended to lessen berseem contents of dry matter and nitrogen free extract (NFE%) otherwise, phosphorus content, crude protein (CP), protein yield, crude fiber content (CF), fiber yield, and net energy were increased ascribed to increasing phosphorus fertilizer levels (Mohsen et al, 2011a;Seif and Saad, 2014;Ansari and Ghadimi, 2015;Chaichi et al, 2015;Ansari and Ghadimi, 2017;Arif et al, 2022). Roy et al (2015) quoted that raising phosphorus fertilizer level from 40 to 80 Kg P 2 O 5 /ha gradually increased each of dry matter (%), crude protein content, protein yield, and nitrogen free extract.…”

Effect of Bacillus polymyxa as Wild or Mutant by UV and Diagnosed with PCR on the Available Phosphate Fertilizer in Calcareous Soils and Growth Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)

“…This is attributed to the fact that bacteria dissolve phosphates, mutagenic inoculation increased available phosphorous in the soil and improved growth which led to an increase in the chance of phosphorus uptake by the plant. As showed by Chaichi et al (2015), increased phosphorous in the vegetative part for the plant by the action of phosphate dissolving bacteria is due to the increase in the area of the root system, which is in greater contact with the phosphate ions, or due to the role of the mutagenic bacteria that dissolve phosphates and produce an active and stable vegetative growth since the beginning of the season. Such production increases the ability of the plant to absorb phosphorous.…”

Cultivation of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and Oats (Avena sativa) Fodder Crops by Using Biofertilizers and Biopesticide: An Experience from Farmers’ Field in Nadia District of West Bengal

“…Apart from these biofertilizers can reduce the biotic and abiotic stress (Ribeiro et al, 2018;Rocha et al, 2019). Biofertilizers are comprised of variety of free-living microorganisms that can turn inaccessible nutrients into usable forms by biological processes, resulting in improved plant root growth and seed germination (Chaichi et al, 2015). The major types of biofertilizers are nitrogen fixing, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, zinc solubilization, and iron sequestration biofertilizers (Abbey et al, 2019).…”