Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization.

Goldberg, Jay M.; Brown, Paul B.

doi:10.1152/jn.1969.32.4.613

Cited by 1,403 publications

(969 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The first metric was synchronization index (R, or vector strength), which was computed from period histograms with 64 bins (Goldberg and Brown 1969). Synchronization index is a measure of phase locking of AN fibers to the stimulus envelope when computed relative to fm for SAM tones or to fundamental frequency F0 for SFS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope Coding in Auditory Nerve Fibers Following Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Kale

Heinz

2010

JARO

125

157

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Recent perceptual studies suggest that listeners with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) have a reduced ability to use temporal fine-structure cues, whereas the effects of SNHL on temporal envelope cues are generally thought to be minimal. Several perceptual studies suggest that envelope coding may actually be enhanced following SNHL and that this effect may actually degrade listening in modulated maskers (e.g., competing talkers). The present study examined physiological effects of SNHL on envelope coding in auditory nerve (AN) fibers in relation to fine-structure coding. Responses were compared between anesthetized chinchillas with normal hearing and those with a mild-moderate noise-induced hearing loss. Temporal envelope coding of narrowband-modulated stimuli (sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones and singleformant stimuli) was quantified with several neural metrics. The relative strength of envelope and finestructure coding was compared using shuffled correlogram analyses. On average, the strength of envelope coding was enhanced in noise-exposed AN fibers. A high degree of enhanced envelope coding was observed in AN fibers with high thresholds and very steep ratelevel functions, which were likely associated with severe outer and inner hair cell damage. Degradation in finestructure coding was observed in that the transition between AN fibers coding primarily fine structure or envelope occurred at lower characteristic frequencies following SNHL. This relative fine-structure degradation occurred despite no degradation in the fundamental ability of AN fibers to encode fine structure and did not depend on reduced frequency selectivity. Overall, these data suggest the need to consider the relative effects of SNHL on envelope and fine-structure coding in evaluating perceptual deficits in temporal processing of complex stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Envelope Coding in Auditory Nerve Fibers Following Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Kale

Heinz

2010

JARO

125

157

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“…The degree of phase locking of the ANF responses was quantified by the vector strength (Goldberg and Brown 1969). Vector strengths for electric stimulation (Fig.…”

Section: Responses Of the Anf Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Binaural Responses in the Auditory Brainstem to Electric Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Chung

Delgutte

Colburn

2014

JARO

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Bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) provide improvements in sound localization and speech perception in noise over unilateral CIs. However, the benefits arise mainly from the perception of interaural level differences, while bilateral CI listeners' sensitivity to interaural time difference (ITD) is poorer than normal. To help understand this limitation, a set of ITD-sensitive neural models was developed to study binaural responses to electric stimulation. Our working hypothesis was that central auditory processing is normal with bilateral CIs so that the abnormality in the response to electric stimulation at the level of the auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) is the source of the limited ITD sensitivity. A descriptive model of ANF response to both acoustic and electric stimulation was implemented and used to drive a simplified biophysical model of neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO). The model's ITD sensitivity was found to depend strongly on the specific configurations of membrane and synaptic parameters for different stimulation rates. Specifically, stronger excitatory synaptic inputs and faster membrane responses were required for the model neurons to be ITD-sensitive at high stimulation rates, whereas weaker excitatory synaptic input and slower membrane responses were necessary at low stimulation rates, for both electric and acoustic stimulation. This finding raises the possibility of frequency-dependent differences in neural mechanisms of binaural processing; limitations in ITD sensitivity with bilateral CIs may be due to a mismatch between stimulation rate and cell parameters in ITD-sensitive neurons.

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“…Spike times were also used to construct period histograms, such as those illustrated in Figure 1A for responses of a single ANF to tones presented at 80 dB SPL. VS was computed on the basis of individual spike times (Goldberg and Brown 1969). VS values were considered reliable if N (number of spikes) ≥32.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CFs were selected to illustrate similarities and differences between the AC and DC response components as functions of CF. The bottom panels show VS, a measure of the strength of phase locking (Goldberg and Brown 1969) which varies between 0 (flat period histograms) and 1 (all spikes in the same bin). In the case of the ANF with CF= Temchin et al (2005).…”

Section: Variation Of Vs With Cf and With Stimulus Frequency And Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Locked Responses to Tones of Chinchilla Auditory Nerve Fibers: Implications for Apical Cochlear Mechanics

Temchin

Ruggero

2009

JARO

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Responses to tones with frequency ≤5 kHz were recorded from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) of anesthetized chinchillas. With increasing stimulus level, discharge rate-frequency functions shift toward higher and lower frequencies, respectively, for ANFs with characteristic frequencies (CFs) lower and higher than ∼0.9 kHz. With increasing frequency separation from CF, rate-level functions are less steep and/or saturate at lower rates than at CF, indicating a CF-specific nonlinearity. The strength of phase locking has lower high-frequency cutoffs for CFs 94 kHz than for CFsG 3 kHz. Phase-frequency functions of ANFs with CFs lower and higher than ∼0.9 kHz have inflections, respectively, at frequencies higher and lower than CF. For CFs 92 kHz, the inflections coincide with the tiptail transitions of threshold tuning curves. ANF responses to CF tones exhibit cumulative phase lags of 1.5 periods for CFs 0.7-3 kHz and lesser amounts for lower CFs. With increases of stimulus level, responses increasingly lag (lead) lower-level responses at frequencies lower (higher) than CF, so that group delays are maximal at, or slightly above, CF. The CF-specific magnitude and phase nonlinearities of ANFs with CFsG2.5 kHz span their entire response bandwidths. Several properties of ANFs undergo sharp transitions in the cochlear region with CFs 2-5 kHz. Overall, the responses of chinchilla ANFs resemble those in other mammalian species but contrast with available measurements of apical cochlear vibrations in chinchilla, implying that either the latter are flawed or that a nonlinear "second filter" is interposed between vibrations and ANF excitation.

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Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization.

Cited by 1,403 publications

References 26 publications

Envelope Coding in Auditory Nerve Fibers Following Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Envelope Coding in Auditory Nerve Fibers Following Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Modeling Binaural Responses in the Auditory Brainstem to Electric Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Phase-Locked Responses to Tones of Chinchilla Auditory Nerve Fibers: Implications for Apical Cochlear Mechanics

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