Response of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma to Lomustine (CCNU): A Retrospective Study of 46 Cases (1999–2004)

Risbon, Rebecca E.; Lorimier, Louis-Philippe de; Skorupski, Katherine A; Burgess, Kristine; Bergman, P. J.; Carreras, Jeanette; Hahn, Kevin A.; LeBlanc, Amy K.; Turek, Michelle; Impellizeri, Joseph A.; Fred, Rogers M.; Wojcieszyn, John; Drobatz, Kenneth J.; Clifford, Craig

doi:10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[1389:roccel]2.0.co;2

Cited by 51 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mean starting CCNU dose was 70.6 mg/m 2 (median, 71.4 mg/m 2 ; range, 54.9-81.3 mg/m 2 ) and the median number of CCNU doses administered was 3 (range, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Seven (28%) dogs in group A and 9 (36%) dogs in group B received CCNU every 28 days alternating with vinblastine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Previously published retrospective studies describing the use and toxicity of CCNU in dogs reported inconsistent measurement of liver enzyme activity during therapy, making the true incidence and severity unclear. 2,3,10,11 Additionally, some dogs in these previous studies had increased liver enzyme activity before starting CCNU therapy, further confounding results. Nonetheless, increased liver enzyme activity remains a clinically relevant problem for veterinarians who prescribe CCNU.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…C CNU (lomustine) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of canine cancers including lymphoma (LSA), mast cell tumor (MCT), and histiocytic sarcoma (HS). [1][2][3][4][5] CCNU has been shown to be hepatotoxic both in preclinical models as well as in clinical patients. [6][7][8][9][10][11] The exact mechanism of toxicity is not fully understood, but glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation have been implicated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…9 In a clinical setting, increases in liver enzyme activity occur in up to 86% of cancer-bearing dogs receiving therapeutic doses of CCNU. 2,3,10,11 Serious liver injury causing clinical signs, however, occurs in only 3-6% of dogs. Liver biopsy samples taken from dogs with CCNU-induced hepatopathy showed changes including multifocal aggregates of hemosiderin-laden Kupffer cells, hepatocyte karyomegaly, hepatocellular vacuolization, periportal inflammation, bridging fibrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Denamarin for Prevention of CCNU‐Induced Hepatopathy in Tumor‐Bearing Dogs

Skorupski

Hammond

Irish

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Increases in liver enzymes occur in up to 86% of dogs receiving CCNU and can result in treatment delay or early discontinuation of treatment. Denamarin contains S-adenosylmethionine and silybin, both of which have been investigated as treatments for various liver diseases.Hypothesis: Dogs on CCNU receiving Denamarin have lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity than dogs not receiving Denamarin. Dogs on Denamarin are less likely to require treatment delay because of hepatopathy and are more likely to complete their prescribed course of CCNU.Animals: Dogs with lymphoma, mast cell tumor, or histiocytic sarcoma that were prescribed CCNU with or without corticosteroids and with normal ALT activity were eligible for enrollment.Methods: Dogs were prospectively randomized to receive either concurrent Denamarin during CCNU chemotherapy or to receive CCNU alone. Liver-specific laboratory tests were run before each dose of CCNU.Results: Increased liver enzyme activity occurred in 84% of dogs receiving CCNU alone and in 68% of dogs on concurrent Denamarin. Dogs receiving CCNU alone had significantly greater increases in ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin and a significantly greater decrease in serum cholesterol concentrations than dogs receiving concurrent Denamarin. Dogs receiving CCNU alone were significantly more likely to have treatment delayed or discontinued because of increased ALT activity.Conclusions: Increased liver enzyme activity occurs commonly in dogs receiving CCNU chemotherapy. These results support the use of concurrent Denamarin to minimize increased liver enzyme activity in dogs receiving CCNU chemotherapy. Denamarin treatment also increases the likelihood of dogs completing a prescribed CCNU course.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Denamarin for Prevention of CCNU‐Induced Hepatopathy in Tumor‐Bearing Dogs

Skorupski

Hammond

Irish

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In addition, systemic osteolysis with punched-out sites is often seen in multiple myeloma due to osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) produced by plasmacytes and mature B cells. Hematological malignancies such as myeloma and adult T-cell lymphoma/ leukemia can induce bone lesions because many of the factors that increase osteoblast formation and activation are produced by lymphocytes and monocytes [11]. For example, lymphocytes can produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, colony-stimulating factors, and lymphotoxin.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Case of Atypical Canine Lymphoma with Oral Mass and Multiple Osteolysis

Ito

Hisasue

Neo

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An 8-year-old female Golden Retriever had an oral mass and lameness. Multiple osteolysis of the systemic skeleton without monoclonal gammopathy was shown on electrophoresis of serum and urine samples. Cytological and histopathological examinations of the oral mass revealed atypical polymorphic cells similar to myeloid cells, and bone marrow aspiration indicated that these abnormal cells also might have invaded the bone marrow. These cells were negative to peroxidase and non-specific esterase staining, and clonal expansion of B lymphocytes could be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for antigen receptor gene rearrangement. The case was diagnosed as atypical lymphoma and treated by multi-drug chemotherapy. On the 142nd day after the first admission, the case had remission and the oral mass and multiple osteolysis were improved.

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Use of chemotherapy in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma: Two cases (2021–2022)

Chan,

McDermott,

Wyre

2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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Epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (ETCL) is rarely described in golden or Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and no effective treatments or outcomes have previously been published. This study includes two cases of epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma that were diagnosed via skin biopsy. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were reported. Both cases received chemotherapy, including prednisolone, lomustine, L‐asparaginase and chlorambucil. One Syrian hamster that received prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg per os every 24 hours) and chlorambucil (0.04 mg/kg per os every 24 hours) survived 276 days after diagnosis. Another Syrian hamster treated with prednisolone (1 mg/kg per os every 24 hours) survived 81 days after diagnosis. The effectiveness of lomustine and L‐asparaginase remains unknown for Syrian hamsters, and more studies are needed to determine appropriate dose ranges for chlorambucil. The combination of chlorambucil (0.4 mg/kg per os every 24 hours) and prednisolone (0.5–1 mg/kg per os every 24 hours) may assist in managing epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma in Syrian hamsters.

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Response of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma to Lomustine (CCNU): A Retrospective Study of 46 Cases (1999–2004)

Abstract: Given the high response rate and well tolerated protocol, prospective studies are warranted to investigate the utility of CCNU alone or in multi-agent protocols for the treatment of ELSA.

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Denamarin for Prevention of CCNU‐Induced Hepatopathy in Tumor‐Bearing Dogs

Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Denamarin for Prevention of CCNU‐Induced Hepatopathy in Tumor‐Bearing Dogs

A Case of Atypical Canine Lymphoma with Oral Mass and Multiple Osteolysis

Use of chemotherapy in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma: Two cases (2021–2022)

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