Response of Date Palm Cv. Khastawi to Foliar Spray with Micro-Elements, Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid

A study was conducted in the district of Rawa, located 224 km away from the city of Ramadi, on pomegranate trees of the Rawa seedless variety. The study investigated the effect of fruit packaging and calcium spraying on some chemical properties of the fruits of those trees. The study included two factors: the first factor involved using different types of bags to cover the fruits, including (untreated control, double-layered muslin clothes, white paper bags, and Saran). The second factor included calcium spraying at concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g L-1. The results indicated that fruit covering treatments significantly influenced all studied chemical properties. Saran covering contributed to achieving the best results for the fruit peel content of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, iron, and manganese at (2.78%, 0.42%, 74.59 mg kg-1, 181.98 mg kg-1, and 47.85 mg kg-1) respectively. On the other hand, the treatment of covering with white paper bags showed a significant effect on the fruit peel content of potassium (1.60%). Regarding calcium spraying, the high concentration (2 grams per liter) achieved the best values for all traits (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, and manganese), at (2.80%, 0.45%, 1.66%, 75.43 mg kg-1, 183.42 mg kg-1, and 47.31 mg kg-1) respectively. The interaction between the study factors reached a significant level in influencing all studied traits. The treatment combination (M3C2) excelled in achieving the best values for most of the studied traits.

Section: Manganese (Mg Kg -1 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Packaging Type and Calcium Spraying on Some Chemical Traits of Seedless Pomegranate Variety Rawa

Alani,

Al-Dulaimy

2024

“…Additionally, zinc is crucial for improving root efficiency in absorbing nutrients and mineral salts from the soil, which enhances vegetative growth features [47]. Additionally, zinc regulates pH, activates various enzymes, including those found in chloroplasts like enolase and carbonic anhydrase, and prevents modifications to the characteristics of chloroplast proteins [48], [49].…”

Section: Total Yield (G Sapling -1 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Strawberry Saplings Cv. Albion to Spraying with Seaweed Extract, Arginine and Brassinolide

Al-Ealayawi,

Al-Dulaimy

2023

The investigation was carried out within a controlled environment of a plastic greenhouse situated at two distinct geographical sites. The initial site was situated in the primary research station affiliated with the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. During the 2022-2023 growing season, the second experimental site was established in Dolab village. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of applying seaweed extract, amino acid (arginine), and growth regulator (Brassinolide) on the flowering and yield of Albion strawberry saplings. The experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions. Three factors were studied during the experiment, including (spraying with seaweed extract at concentrations of 2 and 4 ml L-1), (spraying with amino acid “arginine” at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1), and (spraying with growth regulator “Brassinolide” at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.10 mg L-1), in addition to the control treatment of spraying with distilled water only for the three factors. A factorial experiment with three factors was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment consisted of 27 treatments distributed over three blocks, with five plants per experimental unit. The total number of plants used in the experiment was 405 plants per site. Spraying with seaweed extract had a significant effect on all the flowering and yield traits studied. The concentration of 4 ml L-1 contributed to the best results for the traits (Number of flowers, Percentage of flowers set, Number of fruits, fruit weight, and total yield plant-1). The values were (30.3 and 28.3 flowers plant-1, 77.3 and 78.0%, 21.5 and 20.9 fruits plant-1, 20.3 and 18.4 g, 436.22 and 385.93 g plant-1) for the two sites, respectively. On the other hand, the treatments of spraying with the amino acid (arginine) had a significant effect and the treatment of 200 mg L-1 achieved the highest values for the traits (number of flowers, percentage of flowers set, number of fruits, and total yield plant-1) at both sites. The values were (29.1 and 25.7 flowers plant-1, 71.8 and 72.3%, 20.8 and 19.3 fruits plant-1, 18.5 g, 410.27 and 357.99 g plant-1) for the two sites, respectively. The treatment of 100 mg L- 1 achieved the best results for the trait (fruit weight) at the first site and was (19.9 g). Spraying with the growth regulator (brassinolide) at a concentration of 0.10 mg L-1 achieved the highest values for the traits (number of flowers, percentage of flowers set, number of fruits, fruit weight, and total yield plant-1). The values were (27.8 and 27.1 flower plant-1, 71.0 and 71.6%, 20.2 and 20.0 fruit plant-1, 20.1 and 18.2 g, 406.90 and 365.30 g plant-1). The treatment of spraying with seaweed extract (4 ml L-1) showed the best results in reducing the percentage of deformed fruits and reached (13.84 and 13.43%) at both sites, respectively. On the other hand, spraying with the amino acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 at the first site achieved the lowest percentage of 14.51%. The spraying with the amino acid at the second site and the growth regulator at both sites had no significant effect on this trait.

“…Zinc also plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of root absorption of mineral salts and nutrients from the soil, which has a positive effect on increasing vegetative growth traits [48]. Zinc also activates some enzymes, including the enzymes enolase and carbonic anhydrase, which are found in chloroplasts, regulates its pH and prevents changes in the properties of chloroplast proteins [49], [50].…”

Section: Leaves Carbohydrates Content (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Spraying Marine Algae Extract, Arginine, and Brassinolide on Vegetative Growth Traits of Albion Strawberry Saplings

Al-Ealayawi,

Al-Dulaimy

2023

The study was done in two plastic greenhouses. The first location was the University of Anbar College of Agriculture research station. The second site was in Dolab village during the 2022-2023 growing season to study the effects of spraying Albion strawberry seedlings with marine algae extract, amino acid (arginine), and growth regulator (Brassinolide) in protected environments. The experiment looked at three things: spraying with marine algae extract at 2 and 4 ml L-1, the amino acid “arginine” at 100 and 200 mg L-1, and the growth regulator “Brassinolide” at 0.05 and 0.10 mg L-1, as well as just spraying with distilled water. A randomized full-block design was used for a three-factor factorial experiment. The experiment has 27 treatments in three blocks, with five plants per unit. The experiment utilized 405 plants per location. The means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% significance. The data was examined using Genstat. All growth characteristics were significantly affected by seaweed extract spraying. The characteristics (number of leaves, leaf area, crowns, dry weight of the vegetative system, leaf chlorophyll, and carbohydrate content) performed best at 4 ml/L. The results were 69.0 and 72.0 leaves plant-1, 59.16 and 56.79 cm2 plant-1, 7.02 and 6.64 crowns plant-1, 32.40 and 24.96 g, 13.15 and 12.67 g, 11.13 mg g-1, 13.82 and 12.83%). However, spraying with arginine affected all sapling development parameters. With the 200 mg L-1 treatment, the study sites had the most leaves, the most leaf area, the most crowns, and the most vegetative dry weight (68.1 and 70.7 leaves per plant, 59.39 and 57.61 cm2 per plant, 6.67 and 6.25 crowns per plant, 32.21 and 24.72 g). The best leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate values were obtained with 100 mg L-1 arginine. The results for both research locations were 11.68 and 10.69 mg g-1, 13.91 and 12.53%). Spraying Brassinolide at 0.10 mg L-1 produced the greatest results for leaf number, leaf area, crowns, vegetative dry weight, leaf chlorophyll, and glucose content. The first and second sites had (68.1 and 70.7 leaves plant-1, 58.95 and 56.23 cm2 plant-1, 6.62 and 6.27 crowns plant-1, 31.20 and 24.20 g, 11.87 and 10.71 mg g-1, 13.30 and 12.10%).