Response of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation on Cumin Yield, Quality, and Water-Use Efficiency Grown under Arid Climatic Conditions

Abstract

A three-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, under arid climatic conditions in the rabi season of 2016–2019 with the objectives of evaluating the effect of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on cumin plant growth, yield, oil content, water-use efficiency, and water productivity. The pooled data revealed that the drip irrigation at 0.6 cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) recorded significantly higher plant height (31.4 cm), umbels plant−1 (50.4), umbellates umbel−1 (5.07), seeds umbel−1 (5.34), test weight (4.60 g), seed yield (1063 kg ha−1), gross return (₹ 172,600 ha−1), net return (₹ 113,500 ha−1) and benefit, and cost ratio (2.9) over drip fertigation at 0.4 CPE and surface irrigation with 0.8 CPE. The fertigation with 80% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) being at par with 100% RDF recorded a significantly higher number of umbels plant−1 (50.0), umbellates umbel−1 (5.03), seeds umbellate−1 (5.24), test weight (4.67 g), seed yield (1052 kg ha−1), gross return (₹ 170,900 ha−1), net return (₹ 111,700 ha−1), and benefit cost ratio (2.9) over fertigation with 60% RDF and control. Maximum water-use efficiency (5.7 kg ha−1 mm−1) and water saving (39.04%) was observed under drip irrigation at 0.4 CPE followed by 0.6 CPE (4.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 18.86%, respectively).

Some Morphological, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Poulations from Different Countries

“…Mirhosseini et al, (2011) in their results, show that the number of umbellates per umbel was between 3.48 and 4.96 and reported the difference between the populations in terms of the number of umbellates per umbel. Also, Mehriya et al, (2020) in their study, reported the number of umbellates inside umbels was between 4.60 and 5.07.…”

“…The number of seeds per umbellate for the population of Afghanistan with 4.53 and 4.56 seeds is the lowest in 2020 and 2021, respectively (Table 4). Mehriya et al, (2020). In their study in India, they reported the number of seeds per umbellate to be 4.70 to 5.34.…”

“…Azizi and Kahrizi (2008), in a study in Iran, recorded the value 57.44 kg/da -1 to 105.00 kg/da -1 . Mehriya et al, (2020). In a study in India recorded values between 53.90 kg/da -1 and 139.50 kg/da -1 .…”

“…The lowest weight of 1000 seeds in the first year belongs to Pakistan (3.73 g) and in the second year to India (3.76 g) (Table 4). In the study of 1000 seed weight, Mehriya et al, (2020) In a study in India recorded values of 3.99 to 4.67. (1999) Chaudhary, in a study in India, recorded values of 4.61 to 5.52.…”

Effects of drip and alternate furrow method of irrigation on cotton yield and physical water productivity: A case study from farmers’ field of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, India

“…Hence, water saving technologies in agriculture can be broadly classified into three: water saving crop technologies, water saving and yield enhancing irrigation technologies; and, yield improving crop technolo-gies (Singh et al, 2013;Kumar and Palanisami, 2011;Palanisami et al, 2011;El-Habbasha et al 2014;Zafar et al, 2020). Many past researchers have reported high water use efficiency and crop yield under drip method of irrigation as compared to conventional irrigation throughout the globe (Singh, et al, 2013;Kumar and Palanisami, 2011;Narayanamoorthy, 2012;Abdelraouf et al, 2020;Barkunan et al, 2019;Uddian and Dhar, 2020;Zafar et al, 2020;Mehriya et al, 2020). In drip irrigation, the volume of wetted soil at a particular water application is controlled by the volume of water added, dripper discharge rate and the water content in the soil.…”