Response of dry bean to preplant incorporated and preemergence applications of pyroxasulfone

Abstract

Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2009. Response of dry bean to preplant incorporated and preemergence applications of pyroxasulfone. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 993Á997. Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period at Exeter (2007, 2008) and Ridgetown (2007), Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of two market classes and two cultivars of each market class (cranberry, Etna and Hooter; kidney, Red Kanner and Red Hawk) of dry bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha (1 . All treatments including the nontreated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. There was greater injury when pyroxasulfone was applied PPI than PRE, and injury was greater with the high rate at 1, 2, and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha(1 caused as much as 32 and 61% visible injury when applied PPI and 15 and 30% visible injury when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha(1 decreased shoot dry weight as much as 60 and 80% when applied PPI and 30 and 50% when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Plant height was not affected by pyroxasulfone application timing, but was rate dependent. Height was reduced 14, 13, 22 and 13% at 209 g a.i. ha(1 and 24, 31, 42 and 27% at 418 g a.i. ha (1 for Etna, Hooter, Red Kanner and Red Hawk cultivars, respectively. Dry bean yield was reduced as much as 29% at 209 g a.i. ha(1 and 45% at 418 g a.i. ha(1 . This research shows that there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for pyroxasulfone applied PPI or PRE at the rates evaluated in Etna, Hooter, Red Kanner and Red Hawk dry beans in Ontario. Le nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron additionne´de dicamba/diflufenzopyr a le plus faible impact sur l'environnement. Les re´sultats de l'analyse de rentabilite´laissent croire que le TRF n'a pas tendance a`maximiser la marge be´ne´ficiaire. Dans la plupart des cas, la marge be´ne´ficiaire ne varie pas sensiblement entre les taux d'application correspondant a`40, 60, 80 et 100 % du TRF.

Response of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone and Pyroxasulfone plus Sulfentrazone

“…Pyroxasulfone (200 g•ai•ha −1 ) caused up to 23%, 6%, 7%, and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. The level of injury observed in adzuki and white bean is consistent with other studies examining pyroxasulfone in dry bean, but the injury observed in kidney and small red Mexican bean were much lower than the 10% to 21% injury caused by pyroxasulfone (209 g•ai•ha −1 ) in other studies using the same cultivars [17] [18]. Weather conditions (rainfall, temperature, etc.)…”

Snap bean response to pyroxasulfone in a diversity panel

“…The margin of crop safety appears thin. Kidney and cranberry dry beans suffered yield loss from pyroxasulfone on Ontario soils, with preplant incorporated applications being more injurious than PRE applications (Soltani et al 2009). Results of our studies indicate stable tolerance to the herbicide (i.e., consistently high tolerance across environments) is not widespread in the cultivars present in SNAP; however, under favorable conditions the response is comparable to that of field pea (Tidemann et al 2014), a crop for which pyroxasulfone is registered.…”

Ethoxysulfuron no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijoeiro comum

“…Comumente são constatados casos de herbicidas seletivos a plantas de soja, mas não as plantas de feijão, tomando como exemplo os herbicidas chlorymuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl (Procópio et al, 2009) e pyroxasulfone (Soltani et al, 2009;Belfry et al, 2015a). Todavia, alguns herbicidas demostram seletividade a ambas as culturas, como é o caso do fomesafen e imazethapyr (Procópio et al, 2009).…”