Response of earthworms to microplastics in soil under biogas slurry irrigation: Toxicity comparison of conventional and biodegradable microplastics

Zhao, Yuanyuan; Jia, Huiting; Deng, Hui; Xing, Wenzhe; Feng, Dan; Li, Jiatong; Ge, Chengjun; Yu, Huamei; Zhang, Ying; Chen, Haiying

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160092

Cited by 36 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…17,18 Traditional chain extenders, including epoxy chain extenders, 19−21 anhydride chain extenders, 22 oxazoline chain extenders, 23 and isocyanate chain extenders, 24 have some shortcomings. For example, epoxy chain extenders (typically styrene and polyethylene) have a polyolefin structure, 25 are not biodegradable, and can easily become small particles of plastic to deposit in the soil after aging, causing severe adverse harm to soil organisms 26 or groundwater. 27 Therefore, Ma et al 28 used renewable and environmentally friendly biological epoxidized soybean oil branched cardanol ether (ESOn-ECD) as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) and the mechanical properties of PBS/PGA blends were also improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By reacting the active functional groups on the chain extenders with functional groups such as hydroxyl-terminated groups and carboxyl-terminated groups in PBAT macromolecules, the polymer molecular chains are connected by “bridging”, so that the molecular weight of the polymer is significantly increased and the viscosity of the polymer melt is also increased, thereby improving and enhancing its melt strength, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and processability. , Traditional chain extenders, including epoxy chain extenders, − anhydride chain extenders, oxazoline chain extenders, and isocyanate chain extenders, have some shortcomings. For example, epoxy chain extenders (typically styrene and polyethylene) have a polyolefin structure, are not biodegradable, and can easily become small particles of plastic to deposit in the soil after aging, causing severe adverse harm to soil organisms or groundwater . Therefore, Ma et al used renewable and environmentally friendly biological epoxidized soybean oil branched cardanol ether (ESOn-ECD) as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) and the mechanical properties of PBS/PGA blends were also improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclodextrin-Based Isocyanate Functional Chain Extender and Its Application in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-Based Agricultural Materials

Han,

Fan,

Jiang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Replacing traditional plastics with biodegradable materials, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), is a reliable way to avoid farmland environmental pollution. However, the physical and mechanical properties of PBAT still have much to improve. Adding chain extenders to modify PBAT is one of the primary means. So far, the main chain extenders used are epoxy, anhydride, oxazoline, and isocyanate. In this paper, a blocked isocyanate chain extender with biological cyclodextrin as the skeleton material was designed and prepared(B3H35). When it was added to PBAT for melt blending at high temperature, the active isocyanate groups released by its deblocking reaction wound reacted with the terminal hydroxyl groups or carboxylic acid groups of PBAT to extend the molecular chain of PBAT, and then, a three-dimensional network was constructed based on dynamic hydrogen bonding, molecular entanglement, and physical cross-linking. As a result, the strength and toughness of PBAT improved simultaneously. Compared with pure PBAT, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness of PBAT/B3H35 (2 wt %) increased by 17.7, 8.1, and 31.6%, respectively. In addition, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, used as a blocking agent in this paper, is also released by deblocking during melt blending and endows PBAT/B3H35 with an excellent nitrification inhibition effect in agricultural soil. The experimental results show that the nitrification inhibition rate of the PBAT/B3H35 (3 wt %) reaches 80.64% after 35 days of landfill, significantly improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. Overall, this work provides an idea and direction for designing and preparing functional chain extenders with simultaneous enhancement and toughening effects and nitrification inhibition functions for agricultural materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin-Based Isocyanate Functional Chain Extender and Its Application in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-Based Agricultural Materials

Han,

Fan,

Jiang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Recent revelations highlight toxic effects on invertebrates, zebrafish, and other lower organisms emanating from MPs and NPs in biodegradable plastics. [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] However, a comprehensive exploration of the risks to human health from MPs and NPs derived from biodegradable plastics is imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Incomplete Degradation Exacerbates Neurotoxic Effects of PLA Microplastics via Oligomer Nanoplastics Formation

Liang,

Deng,

Zhong

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Biodegradable plastics, hailed for their environmental friendliness, may pose unforeseen risks as they undergo gastrointestinal degradation, forming oligomer nanoplastics. Despite this, the influence of gastrointestinal degradation on the potential human toxicity of biodegradable plastics remains poorly understood. To this end, the impact of the murine in vivo digestive system is investigated on the biotransformation, biodistribution, and toxicity of PLA polymer and PLA oligomer MPs. Through a 28‐day repeated oral gavage study in mice, it is revealed that PLA polymer and oligomer microplastics undergo incomplete and complete degradation, respectively, in the gastrointestinal tract. Incompletely degraded PLA polymer microplastics transform into oligomer nanoplastics, heightening bioavailability and toxicity, thereby exacerbating overall toxic effects. Conversely, complete degradation of PLA oligomer microplastics reduces bioavailability and mitigates toxicity, offering a potential avenue for toxicity reduction. Additionally, the study illuminates shared targets and toxicity mechanisms in Parkinson's disease‐like neurotoxicity induced by both PLA polymer and PLA oligomer microplastics. This involves the upregulation of MICU3 in midbrains, leading to neuronal mitochondrial calcium overload. Notably, neurotoxicity is mitigated by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium influx with MCU‐i4 or facilitating mitochondrial calcium efflux with DBcAMP in mice. These findings enhance the understanding of the toxicological implications of biodegradable microplastics on human health.

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Are bioplastics an ecofriendly alternative to fossil fuel plastics?

Ali

Souissi

et al. 2023

Environ Chem Lett

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Response of earthworms to microplastics in soil under biogas slurry irrigation: Toxicity comparison of conventional and biodegradable microplastics

Cited by 36 publications

References 90 publications

Cyclodextrin-Based Isocyanate Functional Chain Extender and Its Application in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-Based Agricultural Materials

Cyclodextrin-Based Isocyanate Functional Chain Extender and Its Application in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-Based Agricultural Materials

Gastrointestinal Incomplete Degradation Exacerbates Neurotoxic Effects of PLA Microplastics via Oligomer Nanoplastics Formation

Are bioplastics an ecofriendly alternative to fossil fuel plastics?

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