Response of Eastern Hardwood Species to Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide and Acid Precipitation

Jensen, Keith F.; Dochinger, Leon S.

doi:10.1080/08940630.1989.10466572

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1 In contrast, Jensen and Dochinger 2 found red maple to be more sensitive than yellow-poplar, based on foliar symptoms. Both previous studies 1 ' 2 and this paper support the observation that oaks are generally tolerant of ozone as suggested by the lack of foliar injury.…”

Section: Discussion Foliar Injurysupporting

confidence: 76%

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Davis

Skelly

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Discussion Foliar Injurysupporting

confidence: 76%

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Davis

Skelly

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Most of the previous studies have addressed either foliar symptomology as a useful bioindicator or the relationship of foliar injury to biomass and growth impacts Skelly 1992a, 1992b;Duchelle et al 1982;Jensen and Dochinger 1989;Kress and Skelly 1982;Simini et al 1992). Studies in which both foliar injury and growth have been measured often show that the two parameters are not related (Pye 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two ecologically and economically important tree species in the eastern hardwood forests of the United States, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (Beck 1990;Godman et al 1990), have been studied extensively to determine their foliar sensitivity to O 3 Skelly 1992a, 1992b;Hibben 1969;Jensen and Dochinger 1989;Rhoads et al 1980). However, the response of these hardwood species to multiple years of O 3 exposure is very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone effects on seedling sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): gas exchange

Rebbeck¹,

Loats²

1997

Can. J. For. Res.

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The effects of one to two seasons of ozone (O 3 ) exposure ranging from subambient to 1.7 times ambient on the gas exchange of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were studied in standard 3 m diameter open-top chambers. Cumulative O 3 exposures based on SUM00 index ranged from 16 to 107 ppm⋅h in 1990 and 31 to 197 ppm⋅h in 1991. During the 120-day exposure in 1990, rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of sugar maple foliage were not affected by O 3 . Based on estimates from light-response curves, net photosynthesis at saturating light, dark respiration, compensation irradiance, and quantum efficiency were not affected in sugar maple leaves exposed to elevated O 3 . Gas exchange rates of leaves of yellow-poplar grown in elevated O 3 were significantly reduced in 1990 and 1991, when compared with foliage of seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air (CF air). In 1990, seasonal monthly net photosynthesis of yellow-poplar leaves was reduced 11.7% in 1.5 times ambient O 3 air compared with leaves of seedlings grown in CF air. The light response of yellow-poplar foliage generally was not affected by exposure to O 3 during either growing season; with the exception in 1991 of net photosynthesis at saturating light being reduced 13 to 42% in leaves of seedlings exposed to 1.7 times ambient O 3 air compared with leaves of seedlings grown in CF air. Stomatal conductance rates were generally not affected by exposure to O 3 during either exposure season. In 1991, the response of newly mature (node 3 to 5 from apex) and older leaves (node 8 to 12 from apex) of ozone-exposed yellow-poplar were compared and responded similarly to elevated O 3 . Ozone effects on seasonal diurnal photosynthetic response of newly mature and older yellow-poplar foliage were observed in 1991. Reductions (21-42%) in net photosynthetic rates of leaves of yellow-poplar exposed to elevated O 3 were first observed after 42 days of treatment (113 ppm⋅h exposure). Predawn and post-sunset respiration and stomatal conductance were not affected by exposure to elevated O 3 . Despite significant reductions of net photosynthesis of O 3 -exposed yellow-poplar during both seasons, significant negative growth effects were not observed until the final harvest in June 1992. Root/shoot ratios of yellow-poplar seedlings exposed to 1.7 times ambient O 3 were reduced 30% compared with those seedlings exposed to CF air.

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“…Sugar maple is considered to be a relatively ozone tolerant species (Jensen & Dochinger 1989), but it may be more susceptible to ozone under a lower‐canopy light environment because of structural differences in sun/shade leaf anatomy, and the low carbon balance that is maintained under shaded light environments (Ellsworth & Reich 1992, 1993; Tjoelker et al 1993). In the present study, we examined the interactive effects of ozone and different light environments on leaf structure, and on carbon dioxide uptake and short‐term allocation in leaves of sugar maple seedlings that had been fumigated with ozone in open‐top chambers for one growing season (139 fumigation days).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated ozone on CO₂ uptake and leaf structure in sugar maple under two light environments

Bäck

Vanderklein

Topa

1999

Plant Cell & Environment

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The interactive effects of ozone and light on leaf structure, carbon dioxide uptake and short-term carbon allocation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings were examined using gas exchange measurements and 14 Cmacroautoradiographic techniques. Two-year-old sugar maple seedlings were fumigated from budbreak for 5 months with ambient or 3 × ambient ozone in open-top chambers, receiving either 35% (high light) or 15% (low light) of full sunlight. Ozone accelerated leaf senescence, and reduced net photosynthesis, 14 CO 2 uptake and stomatal conductance, with the effects being most pronounced under low light. The proportion of intercellular space increased in leaves of seedlings grown under elevated ozone and low light, possibly enhancing the susceptibility of mesophyll cells to ozone by increasing the cumulative dose per mesophyll cell. Indeed, damage to spongy mesophyll cells in the elevated ozone × low light treatment was especially frequent. 14 C macroautoradioraphy revealed heterogeneous uptake of 14 CO 2 in well defined areole regions, suggesting patchy stomatal behaviour in all treatments. However, in seedlings grown under elevated ozone and low light, the highest 14 CO 2 uptake occurred along larger veins, while interveinal regions exhibited little or no uptake. Although visible symptoms of ozone injury were not apparent in these seedlings, the cellular damage, reduced photosynthetic rates and reduced whole-leaf chlorophyll levels corroborate the visual scaling of whole-plant senescence, suggesting that the ozone × low light treatment accelerated senescence or senescence-like injury in sugar maple. Key-words:Acer saccharum Marsh; leaf morphology; ozone; photosynthesis; shade adaptation; stomatal patchiness; sugar maple. INTRODUCTIONSugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) is a slow-growing, shade-tolerant species that is widely distributed in eastern North America where elevated ozone concentrations occur, and forests may currently be undergoing widespread decline. Because of its high phytotoxicity, ozone probably has the most negative impact of any air pollutant on tree vigour and growth (Reich 1987). Once in the leaf, ozone reacts with water to form oxygen free radicals, H 2 O 2 and hydroxyl ions (Heath 1980;Mehlhorn, Tabner & Wellburn 1990), oxidizes proteins and membrane phospholipids, increases membrane permeability (Mehlhorn et al. 1986) and directly inhibits photosynthesis (Heath 1994). Stromal reactions of photosynthesis are particularly sensitive to ozone, with ozone affecting the quantity and activity of rubisco (Pell, Eckardt & Enyedi 1992). Plant responses to ozone are proportional to ozone uptake, which is a function of atmospheric concentration and stomatal conductance (Laisk, Kull & Moldau 1989). Plants can reduce ozone uptake and minimize internal damage by closing stomata or reducing the size of the stomatal opening, resulting in a decline in stomatal conductance. However, this response may vary within and between species, with stage of leaf development, and be dependent upon atm...

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Response of Eastern Hardwood Species to Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide and Acid Precipitation

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Ozone effects on seedling sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): gas exchange

Effects of elevated ozone on CO₂ uptake and leaf structure in sugar maple under two light environments

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Response of Eastern Hardwood Species to Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide and Acid Precipitation

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Growth Response of Four Species of Eastern Hardwood Tree Seedlings Exposed to Ozone, Acidic Precipitation, and Sulfur Dioxide

Ozone effects on seedling sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): gas exchange

Effects of elevated ozone on CO2 uptake and leaf structure in sugar maple under two light environments

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Effects of elevated ozone on CO₂ uptake and leaf structure in sugar maple under two light environments