Response of fecal cortisol to stress in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Whitten, Patricia L.; Stavisky, Ronda C.; Aureli, Filippo; Russell, Elizabeth S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1998)44:1<57::aid-ajp5>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 113 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Alternative noninvasive methods for the determination of fecal cortisol metabolites utilizing an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) have been established in a variety of species: primates (Sousa & Ziegler 1998, Whitten et al 1997, ruminants (Palme et al 1997(Palme et al , 2000, several felids (Graham & Brown 1996, Jurke et al 1998, and African wild dog (Monfort et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

2015

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Blood samples collection is a common method in biological research using domestic animals. However, most blood sampling techniques are complicated and highly invasive and may therefore not be appropriate for wildlife animals in research concerning stress. Thus, a non-invasive method to measure steroid hormones is critically needed. The first goal of this study was to determine how glucocorticoids concentrations are impacted by translocation and reproductive activity in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity. The physiological relevance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was further validated by demonstrating: (1) The translocation of a male to a females enclosure resulted in a 3.5-fold increase compared to baseline concentrations, (2) changes in adrenocortical activity, as reflected in concentrations of fecal cortisol metabolites during reproduction, gestation and lactation in females foxes, indicating that social interactions resulted in large increases of fecal glucocorticoids metabolites during the reproductive season. From these findings we conclude that fecal samples can be used for the non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical status in crab-eating-fox.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

2015

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“…For example, capture and handling of animals for venipuncture can induce a stress response, with increased peripheral glucocorticoid concentrations observed within minutes [7]. Due to the increasing demand for methods to quantify adrenal activity in zoo and wild animals in response to mate introduction and transportation, after pharmacological and management precautions to minimize stress, and the necessity to investigate stress impacts on animal welfare, noninvasively methods for measuring adrenal activity have been developed for a variety of species: primates [8,9]; ruminants [10,11]; several felids [12][13][14]; African wild dog [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Faecal Monitoring as a Non-Invasive Assessment of Stress in Captive Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyoun thous) After ACTH Stimulation

Paz¹,

Souza²,

Brown³

2013

J Steroids Horm Sci

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Blood sampling is a common method in biological research of domestic animals for studying hormone mechanisms. However, this approach can be stressful for wild species, and compromise research concerning animal welfare. The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyoun thous) is a medium-sized canid found in South America and a popular zoo species in that region. However, almost nothing is known of their biology or what factors impact captive welfare. Thus, a non-invasive method to measure adrenal activity and stress was developed for quantifying fecal glucocorticoids non-invasively in this species. The physiological relevance of the cortisol immunoassay was demonstrated by injection of exogenous ACTH into two males and one female, which led to a significant increase in fecal glucocorticoid metabolites within 24-48 h. From these findings we conclude that fecal samples can be used for the non-invasive assessment of adrenocortical status in crab-eating fox.

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“…As the primary glucocorticoids in humans, nonhuman primates and many larger mammals, cortisol has been used to assess stress response levels in the plasma, saliva, urine, and feces of many species (Cattet et al, 2003;Constable et al, 2006;Keay et al, 2006;Millspaugh et al, 2002;Wallner et al, 1999;Whitten et al, 1999;Weingrill et al, 2004;Abbott et al, 2003). The most commonly used assays to detect cortisol levels in these samples include radioimmunoassays (RIAs), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (Gatti et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )

Qin¹,

Rizak²,

Feng³

et al. 2013

Zoological Research

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Abstract:In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status.

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Response of fecal cortisol to stress in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Cited by 113 publications

References 46 publications

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

Fecal cortisol metabolites as indicators of stress in crab-eating-fox (Cerdocyoun thous) in captivity

Evaluation of Glucocorticoid Faecal Monitoring as a Non-Invasive Assessment of Stress in Captive Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyoun thous) After ACTH Stimulation

Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )

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