Response of growing ruminants to diet in warm climates: a meta-analysis

Salah, Nizar Ben; Sauvant, Daniel; Archimède, Harry

doi:10.1017/s175173111400322x

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In cattle, much of the research investigating compensatory growth has pointed to food intake as one of the main factors leading to the occurrence of this phenomenon (Sainz et al, 1995). The results of Chapter 4 are in agreement with these previous reports and show a linear relationship between the ME intake and liveweight gain which is also agreement with more recent work on continuously growing cattle (Salah et al, 2015). Interestingly, this was independent of the type of restriction (ME or crude protein) and genotype of steers.…”

Section: Dry Matter Intakesupporting

confidence: 88%

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Silva¹

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Variation in nutrition leads to periods of restricted and accelerated changes in the liveweight of cattle, but less is known about the effect of level of nutrition and/or specific nutrients on skeletal growth. The endochondral ossification process at the epiphyseal growth plate drives longitudinal bone growth and by inference sets growth in skeletal muscle via a passive stretch mechanism. The physiological and morphological mechanism behind animal growth that drives adaptation of mammals during the transition from a low to high plane of nutrition remains a major biological question. Two experiments examined the effect of protein and energy on skeletal growth the perspective of the dimensional changes, trabecular bone remodelling (histology and bone biomarkers) and hormone. Data was then collated from these and other experiments conducted within this laboratory to develop a growth curve in liveweight-for-hip height of well-fed cattle and to identify deviations from this "normal" growth relationship.In the first experiment (Chapter 4), the effects of low and high crude protein (CP) content diets during metabolizable energy (ME) restriction on subsequent re-alimentation in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle were evaluated. Three treatment diets were applied; a control diet (High CP-High ME) and two restricted pair-fed ME intake diets differing in CP content (Low CP-Low ME and High CP-Low ME) for 93 days followed by re-alimentation of all treatment groups offered ad libitum access to the High CP-High ME diet for 103 days. In the second experiment (Chapter 5), a 2 x 5 factorial design was used to determine the effect of supplementation (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 g protein meal/kg LW.day) of a low CP hay during the first dry season (169 days) and weaning weight [Early (118 kg) vs. Normal (183 kg)] on longterm (~2 years) growth in liveweight and the skeleton and reproduction of replacement heifers in northern Australia. After the first dry season all treatment groups were subjected to the same level of nutrition by grazing the same pasture together.Across both experiments, higher plane of nutrition increased liveweight gain and skeletal elongation growth. Increases in ME and CP intake in cattle were positively associated with the height of proliferative and hypertrophic zones as well as with the diameter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes measured in growth plate biopsies of the tuber coxae. In addition, the diameter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes showed significant correlation with the broader measure of hip height gain in both experiments. Plasma bone-specific alkaline iii phosphatase and pyridinoline appeared to be effective bone biomarkers of formation and resorption in growing cattle respectively. Low ME intake severely reduced the plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration in cattle, independent of CP intake. Cattle with the higher CP intake during ME restriction had higher concentration of triiodothyronine in the plasma and this was correlated with larger terminal hypertrophic chondroc...

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Section: Dry Matter Intakesupporting

confidence: 88%

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Silva¹

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“…Retained N values for growing cattle offered various diets range from −9 to 89 g/day (Salah, Sauvant, & Archimède, ), and growing‐finishing beef cattle consuming grass silage‐based diets range from −6 to 101 g/day (Yan, Frost, Keady, Agnew, & Mayne, ). The quantities of N retained in the current study (47 g/day) were intermediate to those ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion and nitrogen metabolism in beef cattle and in vitro rumen fermentation of autumn grass differing in fertilizer nitrogen application rate

O’Connor

McGee

Moloney

et al. 2019

Grass and Forage Science

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Beef cattle partition dietary nitrogen (N) into meat or excrete it mainly in faeces and urine, which can contribute significantly to water and air pollution. The effects of two inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates—15 (LN) or 80 (HN) kg N/ha—to Lolium perenne‐dominant swards in autumn, on herbage chemical composition, intake, digestion and N balance in beef cattle, and in vitro fermentation and methane production were studied. Four growing beef steers used in a 2 × 2 crossover design experiment were offered zero‐grazed grass harvested 21 days post‐N application between July and October. The same grasses were incubated in an eight‐vessel rumen simulation technique in a randomized complete block experiment. Grass dry‐matter (DM) concentration was 26 g/kg lower and crude protein (CP) concentration was 35 g/kg DM higher for HN compared to LN. There was no difference in herbage DM intake or in vivo DM digestibility between treatments. Nitrogen intake and the digestibility of N were higher for HN compared to LN. Total and urine N loss were 41 and 45 g/day greater, respectively, for HN compared to LN, but faecal N loss did not differ between treatments. The quantity of N retained and therefore N‐use efficiency did not differ between LN and HN (25% vs. 22%). In vitro rumen pH and ammonia‐N concentrations were higher for HN compared to LN, whereas volatile fatty acid concentrations and molar proportions did not differ between treatments. In vitro methane and total gas production were 0.9 mmol/day and 280 ml/day lower for HN than LN respectively. Under the particular conditions of this experiment, reducing fertilizer N application rate reduced total and urinary N excretion, which has potential environmental benefits; however, methane output measured in vitro was increased.

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“…Under similar experimental conditions, Andrade and Pereira (1999) reported that DM intake decreased (p=0.09) when corn silage was replaced with sugarcane in Holstein heifer diets. Salah et al (2015) reported that DM intake and weight gain decreased significantly when dietary NDF concentration increased by 10%. Even though the inclusion of nitrogen-rich concentrates results in a significant increase in sugarcane intake by ruminants compared to supplementation with nonprotein nitrogen sources only (LASCANO et al, 2012), the formulation of high-energy diets for improved animal performance may not completely eliminate the inhibitory effect of sugarcane on DM intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neutral detergent fiber concentration of sugarcane-based diets on the performance of Holstein heifers

Gallo

Pereira

Campos

et al. 2019

SCA

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing the neutral detergent fibers (NDF) concentration of sugarcane-based diets on the growth and development of Holstein heifers. Twenty-seven Holstein heifers with a mean body weight of 265.5 ± 36.4 kg were housed in a sand bedded tie stall and fed individually. The experimental diet consisted of fresh sugarcane and concentrate. Three concentrations of sugarcane NDF were compared: 33% (SC33), 38% (SC38), and 42% (SC42). Crude protein content of experimental diets was 16%. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter intake, weight gain and morphometric measures, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal pH. The experimental design was a randomized block and all analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS. Intake of DM decreased as NDF concentration increased (p=0.07), but weight gain and growth were not significantly affected (p=0.74). As dietary NDF increased, chewing activity per unit DM intake increased (p=0.001), but rumen pH was not significantly affected (p=0.91). Diets formulated with 330-420 g of sugarcane NDF/kg of dry matter were sufficient to support the growth of Holstein heifers. ResumoO objetivo foi avaliar dietas com diferentes teores de FDN oriundos de cana-de-açúcar no crescimento e desenvolvimento de novilhas Holandesas. Os animais experimentais foram vinte e sete novilhas da raça Holandesa pesando em média 265,5 ± 36,4 kg, alojadas em um Tie Stall com camas de areia e alimentadas individualmente. A ração experimental total era composta por cana-de-açúcar e concentrado. Testou três concentrações dietéticas de FDN oriundo da cana-de-açúcar: 33% de FDN (SC33); 38% FDN (SC38) e 42% FDN (SC42). O teor de proteína bruta da ração foi de 16%. Foram avaliados consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso e parâmetros corporais, digestibilidade, comportamento alimentar e pH ruminal. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, e a analise estatísticas pelo proc MIXED do programa SAS. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor com o aumento de FDN da dieta (P=0,07), mas isso não interferiu no ganho de peso e crescimento dos animais (P=0,74). A maior inclusão de FDN na ração resultou em aumento na atividade mastigatória por unidade de matéria seca ingerida (P=0,001) e não interferiu no pH (P=0,91). Pode-se concluir que rações formuladas com até 420 gramas de FDN oriundo de cana-deaçúcar por kg de matéria seca dietética foram adequadas à fase de crescimento de novilhas Holandesas. Palavras-chave: Comportamento. Crescimento. Digestibilidade. Nutrição.

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Response of growing ruminants to diet in warm climates: a meta-analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Digestion and nitrogen metabolism in beef cattle and in vitro rumen fermentation of autumn grass differing in fertilizer nitrogen application rate

Effects of neutral detergent fiber concentration of sugarcane-based diets on the performance of Holstein heifers

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