Response of hemocytes profile in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) against Vibrio harveyi induced by Xylocarpus granatum leaves extract

Abstract

<jats:p>Aim: The present study investigated hemocytes profile of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) induced with Xylocarpus granatum leaves extract to protect against Vibrio harveyi infection. Materials and Methods: X. granatum leaves were chopped into small size, air-dried, and extracted with one of the following solvents: Ethanol, distilled water, and seawater, whereas each solvent was given in three different concentrations (750 ppm, 1.000 ppm, and 1.250 ppm, respectively). Extracts were induced to 60 post-larvae shrimp in each treatment (three replicates, 20 shrimp for each) by immersing method and subsequently challenged with V. harveyi. Results: This study demonstrated different effectiveness among solvents used to extract X. granatum leaves, in which distilled water showed the most effective solvent as can be seen from the lowest percentage on anorexia, lethargic, and weakened reflex of shrimp compared with another solvent, positive and negative controls. Pathological symptoms for shrimp induced by X. granatum leaves extract were minimum with the highest survival rate compared with those of positive and negative control. Total hemocyte cells and its cell constituents such as semi-granular, granular, and hyaline cells on treatment group at 1.250 ppm were higher than controls. Conclusion: Leaves extract of X. granatum extract effectively inhibited V. harveyi infection, increased survival rate, and hemocytes cell of the experimental shrimp. Distilled water extract of X. granatum at 1.250 ppm demonstrated the highest protective effect toward V. harveyi infection on P. monodon.</jats:p>

Effect of mangrove leaf extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on non-specific immune status and vibriosis resistance of black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

“…It is widely accepted that the application of herbal plant extracts provides multiple benefits for aquatic animals, including shrimps, such as improvement on the immune system and antioxidant status [19,20], antibacterial function particularly [10,14], and survival rate and growth [1,20]. In the present study, we provide evidence that the leaf extract of A. ilicifolius contains various bioactive constituents, such as a group of flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, and tannins.…”

“…Differential hemocytes were performed in accordance with Saptiani et al [1]. Semi-dense granulocytes C1=Crude extract at 200 mg/L, C2=Crude extract at 450 mg/L, C3=Crude extract at 700 mg/L, E1=Ethyl acetate fractions at 200 mg/L, E2=Ethyl acetate at fractions 450 mg/L, E3=Ethyl acetate at fractions 700 mg/L, B1=n-butanol fraction at 100 mg/L, B2=n-butanol fraction at 200 mg/L, B3=n-butanol fraction at 300 mg/L, C-=Negative control (PBS), C+=Positive control (with oxytetracycline at 0.05 mg/mL) (antibiotic) Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/August-2021/39.pdf leaf extract acts as an immunostimulator as previously explained [31].…”

“…In Indonesia, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has long been considered as a prized brackish water commodity due to its high economic value and specific market. One province in Indonesia that highly supplies shrimps is East Kalimantan; it is well known to produce organic shrimps [1] and contributes to the largest export value among other commodities [2]. As the demand continues to grow, farmers have steadily increased the density and intensity over the past decade [1].…”

“…One province in Indonesia that highly supplies shrimps is East Kalimantan; it is well known to produce organic shrimps [1] and contributes to the largest export value among other commodities [2]. As the demand continues to grow, farmers have steadily increased the density and intensity over the past decade [1]. Unfortunately, shrimps culture intensification is detrimental because it increases the degree of environmental pollution [3] and stressed water [4].…”

Therapeutic, histopathological, and non-specific immune status effect of Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemose hydroalcoholic extracts against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio campbellii in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

“…This stimulatory effect was confirmed in this experiment, whereas inducing shrimps with most of the hydroalcoholic extracts significantly increased the phagocytic percentage and extracellular traps 4 h after being challenged with V. harveyi and V. campbellii to the end of the experiment (24 h). Differential hemocytes were performed following Saptiani et al (2020). Hyaline hemocytes and semi-granular hemocytes are involved in the phagocytosis process of shrimp antigen.…”