Abstract:Whiteflies cause major agricultural problems in environments ranging from arid to humid climates on a global scale. A study was conducted on the effects of vapor pressure deficit ( VPD) on oviposition, hatching, body size, and survival of immature B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Experiments were conducted at VPD conditions of 0.5, 1.7, and 2.7 kPa to represent low, medium, and high VPD environments, respectively. The study was conducted at 26°C with insects … Show more
“…This spatial correlation analysis shows clear indications of drought conditions under July air temperature increase. A few studies 37 , 38 showed a drastic VPD increase and a relative humidity decrease after the 2000s for other sites worldwide. Figure 3 Spatial correlation maps of VPD reconstructed data versus gridded maximum July temperature (a) and July evapotranspiration (b) for the available period 1979–2004, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This spatial correlation analysis shows clear indications of drought conditions under July air temperature increase. A few studies 37,38 showed a drastic VPD increase and a relative humidity decrease after the 2000s for other sites worldwide.…”
Section: Spatio-temporal Patterns Of Evapotranspiration Variability Omentioning
Newly developed millennial δ13C larch tree-ring chronology from Siberia allows reconstruction of summer (July) vapor pressure deficit (VPD) changes in a temperature-limited environment. VPD increased recently, but does not yet exceed the maximum values reconstructed during the Medieval Warm Anomaly. The most humid conditions in the Siberian North were recorded in the Early Medieval Period and during the Little Ice Age. Increasing VPD under elevated air temperature affects the hydrology of these sensitive ecosystems by greater evapotranspiration rates. Further VPD increases will significantly affect Siberian forests most likely leading to drought and forest mortality even under additional access of thawed permafrost water. Adaptation strategies are needed for Siberian forest ecosystems to protect them in a warming world.
“…This spatial correlation analysis shows clear indications of drought conditions under July air temperature increase. A few studies 37 , 38 showed a drastic VPD increase and a relative humidity decrease after the 2000s for other sites worldwide. Figure 3 Spatial correlation maps of VPD reconstructed data versus gridded maximum July temperature (a) and July evapotranspiration (b) for the available period 1979–2004, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This spatial correlation analysis shows clear indications of drought conditions under July air temperature increase. A few studies 37,38 showed a drastic VPD increase and a relative humidity decrease after the 2000s for other sites worldwide.…”
Section: Spatio-temporal Patterns Of Evapotranspiration Variability Omentioning
Newly developed millennial δ13C larch tree-ring chronology from Siberia allows reconstruction of summer (July) vapor pressure deficit (VPD) changes in a temperature-limited environment. VPD increased recently, but does not yet exceed the maximum values reconstructed during the Medieval Warm Anomaly. The most humid conditions in the Siberian North were recorded in the Early Medieval Period and during the Little Ice Age. Increasing VPD under elevated air temperature affects the hydrology of these sensitive ecosystems by greater evapotranspiration rates. Further VPD increases will significantly affect Siberian forests most likely leading to drought and forest mortality even under additional access of thawed permafrost water. Adaptation strategies are needed for Siberian forest ecosystems to protect them in a warming world.
“…He mentioned that effective control of B. tabaci was achieved by releases of an unidentifi ed species of Lasioseius in screenhouses, with reductions of about 80 % of the pest population after 20 days of predator release. The use of mites of the ascid complex seems promising for the control of this pest, given that B. tabaci is favored by high level of relative humidity (Simmons and Mahroof 2011 ), which is also favorable to mites of the ascid complex.…”
“…Greenhouses commonly have elevated moisture levels compared with open environments. Moderately high ambient moisture can be more beneÞcial for the populations of both D. catalinae (Simmons et al 2008b) and its whiteßy prey (Simmons and Mahroof 2011). Moreover, honeydew may be more accessible at the higher than lower moisture environment.…”
Delphastus catalinae (Horn) is a coccinellid predator that is commercially sold for the management of whiteflies. A study was conducted to assay the effect of selected diets on the survival of adult D. catalinae. Treatments of water (as a control), 10% honey, honeydew, and whiteflies [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] were provided to the beetles in laboratory assays. Newly emerged, unfed adult insects were used at the start of a survival experiment with trials lasting 50 d. Another survival experiment used mixed-aged adults from a greenhouse colony, and the trials lasted 21 d. Survival was poor on a diet of solely water; ~1% survived beyond a week at 26°C. Survival using the newly emerged insects was similar between those fed honeydew and honey diets, but those on the whitefly diet had the greatest survival (~60% on day 50). However, in the experiment with mixed-aged beetles, adults on honey, and whitefly diets performed the same over a 21-d experiment. Excluding those on the water diet, survival of beetles on the various diets ranged from ~50-80% after 21 d. In an open choice assay across 7 h, D. catalinae adults were found on the whitefly diet in a much greater incidence than on the other diets, and the number of beetles found on the whitefly diet increased over time. The data supports that when D. catalinae are employed in greenhouses or fields for whitefly management, during low prey populations, honeydew from the whitefly can help sustain the population of this predator. Moreover, a supplemental food such as a honey solution can help sustain the population of D. catalinae when the prey is decreased to low numbers. These results may help in the development of strategies to enhance the utility of predators for the management of whiteflies.
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