Response of input and output of water and chloride to clearing for agriculture

Williamson, David; Stokes, R.A.; Ruprecht, John

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(87)90030-8

Cited by 103 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The water O/I ratio is defined as the ratio of annual streamflow exporting water out of the catchment to annual precipitation bringing water into the catchment. The chloride (or salt) O/I ratio has been shown, used, or considered to be useful in indicating the impact of forest clearance on catchment chloride equilibrium status in many case studies (Peck and Hurle, 1973;Williamson et al, 1987;Cook et al, 1989;Williamson and van de Wel, 1991;Jolly et al, 2001;Peck and Hatton, 2003). Salt (chloride) O/I ratios have been observed to increase after forest clearance.…”

Section: Catchment Chloride Balance and The Conceptualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We examined these conceptual catchment types in relation to some published observations. Williamson et al (1987) studied five catchments in southwest Western Australia over ten years ( Table 1). Assuming that the forested catchments were in chloride equilibrium, and the cleared catchments were in disequilibrium after recent clearance, a type I condition can be ascribed to the Ernies catchment, a type II or IV condition to the Salmon catchment, a type VI condition, probably with cross-catchment transfer (inferred from the large water O/I ratio) to the Wights catchment, and a type V condition to the Dons and Lemon catchments.…”

Section: Catchment Chloride Balance and The Conceptualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impacts of vegetation clearance on catchment water chemistry have been observed for decades (Peck and Hurle, 1973;Likens et al, 1978;Williamson et al, 1987). These and some other studies were performed mainly to address dryland salinity issues (Jolly et al, 2000;Kayaalp and Bye, 2003;Poulsen et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catchment conceptualisation for examining applicability of chloride mass balance method in an area with historical forest clearance

Guan

Love

Simmons

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Of the various approaches for estimating groundwater recharge, the chloride mass balance (CMB) method is one of the most frequently used, especially for arid and semiarid regions. Widespread native vegetation clearance, common in many areas globally, has changed the land surface boundary condition, posing the question as to whether the current system has reached new chloride equilibrium, required for a CMB application. Although a one-dimensional CMB can be applied at a point where the water and chloride fluxes are locally in steady state, the CMB method is usually applied at a catchment scale owing to significant lateral flows in mountains. The applicability of the CMB method to several conceptual catchment types of various chloride equilibrium conditions is examined. The conceptualisation, combined with some local climate conditions, is shown to be useful in assessing whether or not a catchment has reached new chloride equilibrium. The six conceptual catchment types are tested with eleven selected catchments in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area in South Australia having experienced widespread historical forest clearance. The results show that six of the eleven catchments match a type VI chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a gaining stream), with the ratios of stream chloride output (O) over atmospheric chloride input (I), or catchment chloride O/I ratios, ranging from 2 to 4. Two catchments match a type V chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a losing stream), with catchment chloride O/I ratios about 0.5. For these type V and type VI catchments, the CMB method is not applicable. The results also suggest that neither a chloride O/I ratio less than one nor a low seaCorrespondence to: H. Guan (huade.guan@flinders.edu.au) sonal fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor below 4) guarantees a chloride equilibrium condition in the study area. A large chloride O/I value (above one) and a large fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor of 10 and above) generally indicates either a chloride disequilibrium, or cross-catchment water transfer, or both, for which the CMB method is not applicable. Based on regression between chloride O/I values and annual precipitation for type VI catchments, a catchment with annual precipitation of 900 mm in MLR has most likely reached new chloride equilibrium, and the CMB method can be applied if no cross-catchment water transfer occurs. CMB is applied to one catchment at chloride equilibrium, suggesting a net groundwater recharge of 27 mm/yr, about 3% of annual precipitation.

show abstract

Section: Catchment Chloride Balance and The Conceptualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catchment Chloride Balance and The Conceptualisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catchment conceptualisation for examining applicability of chloride mass balance method in an area with historical forest clearance

Guan

Love

Simmons

et al. 2010

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is despite subsequent investigations that indicate the local lateritic duricrust being of high permeability (Ruprecht and Schofield, 1993). The role of deeper groundwater (formed above the bedrock) was thought to be relatively unimportant in the generation of runoff (Stokes and Loh, 1982;Stokes, 1985;Turner et al, 1987;Williamson et al, 1987). Again this differs from the view of Ruprecht and Schofield (1989), who proposed permanent groundwater as being critical in runoff generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-stationarity driven by long-term change in catchment storage: possibilities and implications

Hughes

Vaze

2015

Proc. IAHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. "Non-stationarity" with reference to hydrology is a term applied to many situations (Milly et al., 2008). While climate change non-stationarity is often examined, these effects can provide a test for assumptions of runoff generation process impliedin rainfall-runoff (RR) models.Observations from South-western Australia (SWA) over the past 40 years show a decline in rainfall and reductions in runoff. Runoff and rainfall relationships in SWA show a significant shift over the past 40 years suggesting a change in runoff generation and catchment state. This has challenged the nature of assumed runoff generation process in SWA as well as the veracity of conceptual RR model structure.We expand on some of the lessons learned from SWA and discuss the climatic and geomorphic conditions that may make reasonable predictions of runoff very difficult with RR models calibrated in traditional ways. Catchment storage has a significant interaction with runoff generation and we examine the situations where these may change in the longer term. We suggest some strategies in terms of model structure and calibration that may improve predictive performance in such situations.

show abstract

“…As a consequence of settlement by people of European ancestry, these woodlands were cleared and converted to agricultural land, especially over the last century. Conversion from deep-rooted perennial woodlands to shallow-rooted annual crops has resulted in substantially decreased transpiration by vegetation and rising groundwater tables 18,19 . Increased evaporation from the ground surface has led to the accumulation of salt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Trees Planted for Rehabilitation of a Saline Area of the Wheatbelt in Western Australia

Kawarasaki

Hamano

Aikawa

et al. 2010

JARQ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We clarified the relationship between environmental factors and the growth of seven Eucalyptus species and Casuarina obesa planted at an afforestation site in southern Western Australia's wheatbelt. The site consisted of abandoned fields damaged by secondary salinity associated with waterlogging. Afforestation is expected to progressively rehabilitate the land, which has a slight slope generating a large environmental gradient. During the rainy season, waterlogging (soil becoming saturated with water) occurred at the lower part of the site, but not at the higher part. The level of salt in the soil (EC 1:5 ) increased gradually from higher to lower ground (0.34-2.7 dS m -1 ). Tree size and growth rate were negatively related to waterlogging intensity and showed small values at the lower part of the site, with only a slight effect on tree size and growth rate. Moreover, interspecific differences in size and growth rate were observed. Eucalyptus sargentii and E. occidentalis had larger sizes and faster growth rates than E. camaldulensis. Trees planted under waterlogging conditions at the lower part of the site are likely to fail due to poor growth; therefore, afforestation should begin on higher ground where trees would experience normal growth, and in doing so, reduce the soil water content to rehabilitate the land. Improvement of water balance through afforestation would confirm the benefits of appropriate agroforestry management.

show abstract

Response of input and output of water and chloride to clearing for agriculture

Cited by 103 publications

References 15 publications

Catchment conceptualisation for examining applicability of chloride mass balance method in an area with historical forest clearance

Catchment conceptualisation for examining applicability of chloride mass balance method in an area with historical forest clearance

Non-stationarity driven by long-term change in catchment storage: possibilities and implications

Growth of Trees Planted for Rehabilitation of a Saline Area of the Wheatbelt in Western Australia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About