Response of ionosphere to the great geomagnetic storm of September 1998: Observation and modeling

Similarity and differences in morphology and mechanisms of the <i>fo</i>F2 and TEC disturbances during the geomagnetic storms on 26–30 September 2011

“…Theoretical studies have been performed using different numerical models of the ionosphere (Pirog et al, 2006;Balan et al, 2009Balan et al, , 2010Huba et al, 2000;Pavlov and Pavlova, 2011), as well as more complex models of the Earth's upper atmosphere (Sojka et al, 1994;Namgaladze et al, 2000;Fuller-Rowell et al, 2007;Lei et al, 2008;Lu et al, 2008;Pawlowski et al, 2008;Klimenko et al, 2011a-c). These studies have greatly increased our understanding of the formation mechanisms of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms.…”

study of ionospheric response to magnetic superstorms in the East Asian sector

“…Besides, as shown by Pirog et al (2001), the diurnal maximum in the foF2 variation shifts to the evening and nighttime hours in the summertime on the Yakutsk (129.61) meridian. the latter fact may result in some features of ionospheric variations in this region (Afraimovich et al, 2002;Blagoveshchensky et al, 2003;Zherebtsov et al, 2005a;Pirog et al, 2006a).…”

Interplanetary medium condition effects in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly: A case study

“…Furthermore, many authors (Kavanagh et al, 2004;Ondraskova, 2005;Ohya et al, 2006;Pirog et al, 2006;Tsurutani et al, 2006, for instance) agree that extreme solar flares can lead to extreme ionospheric effects. Enhancements in ionospheric total electron content of $ 30% nominal values were observed in association to the Bastille Day, 2000 flare.…”

“…We use these properties here to identify disturbance events in these datasets in certain frequency ranges. According to Pirog et al (2006), the disturbance of the geospace associated with magnetic storms (Siscoe, 2000;Echer et al, 2005;Gonzalez et al, 2007) generally produces a complex set of phenomena in the midlatitude ionosphere, and the ionospheric response depends basically on the sequence and intensity of the effects of such phenomena under given geophysical conditions. In addition, the interpretation of observational ionospheric data is of crucial scientific interest and constitutes a rather challenging issue.…”