Response of Materials to Impulsive Loading

Swift, H. F.; Preonas, D. D.; Dueweke, Paul W.; Bertke, Robert S

doi:10.21236/ad0783315

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…The relevant tests performed by Swift et al [22] and Ryan et al [6] were selected as points of reference. In their tests, the Al 6061-T6 bumper thickness (t = 0.079 cm), shield spacing (S = 5.08 cm) and the Al 6061-T6 projectile diameter (d p = 0.3175 cm) were constant, while the Al 6061-T6 witness plate thickness (t w ) was varied to determine the shield failure limits.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Blesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment

Wen

Chen

2021

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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In the shatter regime of a Whipple shield, a large central fragment makes a significant contribution to the damage-causing capacity of the debris cloud. Herein we present a feasible scheme for the identification and measurement of this large central fragment and propose an alternative approach to the ballistic limit equation (BLE) for the Whipple shield, deducing an alternative ballistic limit in the shatter regime based on the large central fragment’s characteristics. This alternative BLE is compared with the phenomenological Whipple BLE, the JSC Whipple BLE and the Ryan curve. Our alternative BLE, modified at the incipient fragmentation and completed fragmentation point, is shown to agree well with experimental results.

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Section: Comparison Of the Blesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment

Wen

Chen

2021

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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Cadmium simulation of orbital-debris shield performance to scaled velocities of 18 km/s

Schmidt¹,

Housen²,

Piekutowski³

et al. 1994

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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An experimental technique is developed and used to simulate the response of aluminum debris shields for impacts up to 18 km/s. To simulate an aluminum impact on an aluminum shield, the velocity is reduced by a scale factor, and the impactor and bumper are surrogates that have the same dimensions as the originals, but are composed of a material whose specific energies of melting and vaporization are much lower than those of aluminum. Cadmium is used as the surrogate material, because it has unique properties that satisfy the attendant scaling requirements and because its velocity scale factor is 3.1, thereby allowing tests at actual velocities up to 5.8 km/s to simulate aluminum impacts at velocities up to 18 km/s. Such tests reproduce the initial momentum of an aluminum impactor and the impulse distribution delivered to the rear wall. Cadmium tests, at scaled velocities near 7 km/s, agreed well with aluminum tests near 7 km/s, both in terms of debris cloud geometry and the minimum impactor size for wall perforation. Simulations at higher scaled velocities showed that the minimum diameter for penetration increases with increasing velocities above 10.5 km/s, in sharp contrast to current empirical shield models. Nomenclature b= thickness of bumper D = diameter of wall area affected by debris cloud d = diameter of impactor F = resisting force / = functional dependence Hb = energy per unit mass for vaporization of bumper HI = energy per unit mass for vaporization of impactor hb = energy per unit mass for melting of bumper hi = energy per unit mass for melting of impactor 7 = momentum per unit area delivered by debris cloud to wall /* = threshold momentum per unit area for wall failure M = mass of debris cloud and wall material it impacts m c = mass of debris cloud S = spacing between bumper and wall t = thickness of wall U = impactor velocity v = initial velocity imparted to wall v c = average axial velocity of debris cloud Y b = strength measure for bumper Y t = strength measure for impactor Y w = strength measure for wall ft = density of bumper material A = deflection of wall along axis of impact A* = threshold wall deflection at which failure occurs 8 = density of impactor material € = strain measure for wall failure p = density of wall material r = time required to complete wall deflection

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Response of Materials to Impulsive Loading

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment

An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment

Cadmium simulation of orbital-debris shield performance to scaled velocities of 18 km/s

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