Response of mycorrhizal periwinkle plants to aster yellows phytoplasma infection

Kamińska, M.; Klamkowski, Krzysztof; Berniak, H.; Sowik, I.

doi:10.1007/s00572-009-0276-8

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…L. asiaticusinfected citrus were reduced after the application of Pi. In the case of phytoplasmas, although the correlation between Pi and the disease symptoms remains unclear, the disease symptoms in phytoplasma-infected plants could be reduced by the application of AM fungi (Lingua et al, 2002;Romanazzi et al, 2009;Kami nska et al, 2010;Sampò et al, 2012). AM fungi are symbiotic organisms that are able to enhance the uptake of Pi through up-regulation of Pi starvation responses in host plants (Branscheid et al, 2010;Gu et al, 2010;Volpe et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transgenic Plants That Express the Phytoplasma Effector SAP11 Show Altered Phosphate Starvation and Defense Responses

Cheng

et al. 2014

Plant Physiol.

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Phytoplasmas have the smallest genome among bacteria and lack many essential genes required for biosynthetic and metabolic functions, making them unculturable, phloem-limited plant pathogens. In this study, we observed that transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expressing the secreted Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom protein11 shows an altered root architecture, similarly to the disease symptoms of phytoplasma-infected plants, by forming hairy roots. This morphological change is paralleled by an accumulation of cellular phosphate (Pi) and an increase in the expression levels of Pi starvation-induced genes and microRNAs. In addition to the Pi starvation responses, we found that secreted Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches' Broom protein11 suppresses salicylic acid-mediated defense responses and enhances the growth of a bacterial pathogen. These results contribute to an improved understanding of the role of phytoplasma effector SAP11 and provide new insights for understanding the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonization by AM fungi can modify the plants' root architecture and enhance the uptake of mineral nutrients, in particular Pi (Gu et al, 2011;Volpe et al, 2013). Interestingly, several studies also reported that AM fungi reduce the disease symptoms caused by phytoplasmas (Lingua et al, 2002;Romanazzi et al, 2009;Kami nska et al, 2010;Sampò et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transgenic Plants That Express the Phytoplasma Effector SAP11 Show Altered Phosphate Starvation and Defense Responses

Cheng

et al. 2014

Plant Physiol.

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“…Alternative approaches are thus required to reduce the spread of such diseases. Some interesting studies about the interactions between potential biocontrol agents or resistance-inducer micro-organisms, phytoplasmas and host plants or insect vectors have been published recently (Lingua et al 2002;Lherminier et al 2003;Marzorati et al 2006;Kamiń ska et al 2010). The endophyte population within crop plants has been shown to influence their susceptibility to disease, but the role of endophytic micro-organisms in relation to phytoplasma diseases and to spontaneous 'recovery' has still to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and the apple endophyte Epicoccum nigrum in Catharanthus roseus plants

Musetti

Grisan

Polizzotto

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: We investigated the ultrastructural and molecular interactions between ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and the apple endophyte Epicoccum nigrum in the experimental host Catharanthus roseus to determine whether inoculation of endophyte could trigger defence reactions in the host. Methods and Results: Apple proliferation (AP) symptom severity was evaluated in AP‐grafted plants that were treated by E. nigrum and compared with untreated controls. Phytoplasma concentration was quantified by real‐time PCR in treated and untreated plants. Ultrastructural observations revealed that in endophyte‐treated periwinkles, modifications to phytoplasmas, such as irregular shape and cytoplasm confined to the periphery of the cell, and plant cytological changes, such as abundant callose depositions and P‐protein aggregations in the sieve elements, occurred. AP‐grafted plants that were treated by the endophyte (E. nigrum) showed a reduction in symptom severity; in particular, flowers appeared normal in shape and size, when compared with uninfected controls. Real‐time PCR indicated that phytoplasma concentration in AP‐grafted plants treated with E. nigrum was about 2·8 times lower than that in untreated ones. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the inoculation with E. nigrum influenced phytoplasma infection in C. roseus plants; plant ultrastructural modifications allowed us to hypothesize an enhancing host defence response. Significance and Impact of the Study: At present, curative protocols against this phytoplasma are not available. Alternative approaches are thus required to reduce disease spread. Our study might represent a first step in the clarification of plant–phytoplasma–endophyte relationships to find possible strategies for the control of phytoplasma diseases.

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“…In relation to phytoplasmas, specialized obligate parasites of phloem tissue that are transmitted by insect vectors, most reports show a reduction of disease incidence (Kamińska et al, 2010a(Kamińska et al, , 2010bBatlle et al, 2011;D'Amelio et al, 2011). However, it should be noted that the analysis of mycorrhizal effects on phytoplasmas and viruses is difficult because of the potential impact of mycorrhization on the insect vector and the complexity of studies on multi-trophic interactions.…”

Section: Mycorrhiza Effects On Above-ground Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance and Priming of Plant Defenses

et al. 2012

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Symbioses between plants and beneficial soil microorganisms like arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to promote plant growth and help plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Profound physiological changes take place in the host plant upon root colonization by AMF affecting the interactions with a wide range of organisms below- and above-ground. Protective effects of the symbiosis against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants have been described for many plant species, including agriculturally important crop varieties. Besides mechanisms such as improved plant nutrition and competition, experimental evidence supports a major role of plant defenses in the observed protection. During mycorrhiza establishment, modulation of plant defense responses occurs thus achieving a functional symbiosis. As a consequence of this modulation, a mild, but effective activation of the plant immune responses seems to occur, not only locally but also systemically. This activation leads to a primed state of the plant that allows a more efficient activation of defense mechanisms in response to attack by potential enemies. Here, we give an overview of the impact on interactions between mycorrhizal plants and pathogens, herbivores, and parasitic plants, and we summarize the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. We focus on the priming of jasmonate-regulated plant defense mechanisms that play a central role in the induction of resistance by arbuscular mycorrhizas.

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Response of mycorrhizal periwinkle plants to aster yellows phytoplasma infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Transgenic Plants That Express the Phytoplasma Effector SAP11 Show Altered Phosphate Starvation and Defense Responses

Transgenic Plants That Express the Phytoplasma Effector SAP11 Show Altered Phosphate Starvation and Defense Responses

Interactions between ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and the apple endophyte Epicoccum nigrum in Catharanthus roseus plants

Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance and Priming of Plant Defenses

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