Response of NaI, anthracene and plastic scintillators to electrons and the problems of detecting low energy electrons with scintillation counters

Porter, F. T.; Freedman, M. S.; Wágner, F.; Sherman, I. S.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(66)90041-3

Cited by 65 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The response of organic scintillators to charged particles, mainly electrons (also as primary charge particles after gamma rays absorption) protons and deuterons, was widely studied in the past [12]- [15]. Most of the papers assumed a linear response to electrons, plotted in a double logarithmic coordinates [3].…”

Section: B Light Output and Non-proportionality Of The Light Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Proportionality of Organic Scintillators and BGO

Nassalski

Moszyński

Syntfeld-Każuch

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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According to the present knowledge the non-proportionality of the light yield of scintillators appears to be the fundamental limitation of energy resolution. Thus, the understanding of its origin is of the great importance for a development of new scintillators with enhanced energy resolution. In this respect, the non-proportional response of the typical organic scintillators was studied in comparison to that of a BGO crystal. The studies covered tests of BC408 plastic, BC501A liquid scintillator and anthracene organic crystal. The measurements showed a much larger range of energies presenting non-proportional response compared to that known for inorganic scintillators. In the case of anthracene the non-proportionality covers energy range up to about 500 keV, while for the BC408 plastic and BC501A liquid scintillators, it is above 4 MeV energy lost by gamma quanta. The observed effect can be related to a strong quenching of the light for charged particles in organic scintillators, which is much larger than that observed in inorganic scintillators.

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Section: B Light Output and Non-proportionality Of The Light Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Proportionality of Organic Scintillators and BGO

Nassalski

Moszyński

Syntfeld-Każuch

et al. 2008

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Electron response curves for NaI(Tl+) have also been measured directly by means of electron excitation of the scintillator by Porter et al [36]. This experimental response curve is shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Classical Scintillators (Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a Compton spectrometer configuration and a collimated yray beam incident on a scintillator, the energy deposited normalized to unity at 1 MeV. The data points were obtained by means of electron excitation [36]. The solid curve was calculated in [35] and the dashed curve in [32] from gamma ray response curves [361.…”

Section: A Classical Scintillators (Review)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-proportionality in the scintillation response and the energy resolution obtainable with scintillation crystals

Dorenbos

Haas

Eijk

1995

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

493

248

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Abstract-A review and new data are presented on the absolute photon yield emitted by "classical" (NaI(Tl+), CsI(Tl+), CsI(Na+), CaF2(Eu2+);+BigGe30n, and CdW04) and "modern" (BaF2, GdzSiOs(Ce ), Y A l o~( c e~+ ) , Lu2Si05(Ce3+), Lu3 A15 0 1 2 (Sc3+), and K2LaCl5 (Ce3+)) scintillation crystals after absorption of X-rays and y-rays of energies ranging from 5 keV to 1 MeV. Factors influencing the energy resolution with which high energy photons can be detected with scintillatorphotomultiplier combinations are reviewed. Attention is especially focused on the effects of nonproportionality in the scintillation response on the energy resolution.

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“…7,12). Actually, while this conclusion does not follow from anything else, it is buttressed by the observation that the light energy yield of an inorganic scintillator (for NaI(Tl) it amounts to about 15% 1 ) depends only weakly on electron energy, varying by less than 20% from 5 to 1000 keV, 1,13,14 just as the light energy yield for heavy particles with E > 1 MeV. On the other hand, as Birks 1 pointed out long ago, q > 1 in heavy metal iodides for protons and deuterons with E ≈ 5 MeV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channeling Effect and Improvement of the Efficiency of Charged Particle Registration With Crystal Scintillators

Drobyshevski

2008

Mod. Phys. Lett. A

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Energy of ions (recoil nuclei) channeled along definite directions in crystals is transferred to the lattice electrons mainly. In NaI(Tl)-type scintillators, this leads to increasing the light yield from ∼10% to ∼100% when compared with the yield for electrons of the same energy. Taking into account this effect at processing data of DAMA/NaI experiments in Gran Sasso, which had demonstrated the year modulation of number of signals in a range of 2-6 keV of electron equivalent, reveals that DAMA/NaI results could be caused by ∼6×10 −7 cm −2 s −1 flux of daemons (Dark Electric Matter Objects -presumably Planckian relic particles) falling out from strongly elongated heliocentric orbits with velocities of 30-50 km/s. The flux value and the 2-6 keV signal intensity agree rather well with values emerging from our former estimates and interpretations of ground-level and underground measurements.

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Response of NaI, anthracene and plastic scintillators to electrons and the problems of detecting low energy electrons with scintillation counters

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Non-Proportionality of Organic Scintillators and BGO

Non-Proportionality of Organic Scintillators and BGO

Non-proportionality in the scintillation response and the energy resolution obtainable with scintillation crystals

Channeling Effect and Improvement of the Efficiency of Charged Particle Registration With Crystal Scintillators

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