Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task

Roitman, Jamie D.; Shadlen, Michael N.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-21-09475.2002

Cited by 1,449 publications

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“…2a,b). On both stimulation and non-stimulation trials, stronger motion toward T in led to more T in choices, and stronger motion toward T out led to more T out choices, as previously shown 10 . Microstimulation caused a small change in these choice frequencies.…”

Section: Lip Microstimulation Affects Choice and Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…2c,d). On both stimulation and nonstimulation trials, stronger motion led to faster RTs for both T in and T out choices, compared to the more difficult conditions, as has been previously shown 10 . The first effect of microstimulation on decision time was a reduction in RT for T in choices (Fig.…”

Section: Lip Microstimulation Affects Choice and Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Furthermore, there is a stereotyped level of activity in these LIP neurons independent of motion strength just prior to the saccadic eye movement that indicates the choice. Thus, the decision process appears to terminate when a criterion level of activity is reached in the appropriate LIP neurons 10 .…”

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Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

2006

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A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying decisionmaking. Recent physiological studies suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a reaction-time motion discrimination task with a saccadic response. In each experiment, we identified a cluster of LIP cells with overlapping response fields (RFs) and sustained activity during memory-guided saccades. Microstimulation of this cluster caused an increase in the proportion of choices to the RF of the stimulated neurons. Choices toward the stimulated RF were faster with microstimulation, while choices in the opposite direction were slower. Microstimulation never directly evoked saccades, nor did it change reaction times in a simple saccade task. These results demonstrate that the discharge of LIP neurons is causally related to decision formation on the discrimination task.Much progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of decision-making by tracing the neural events that link sensory processing to a choice of action in monkeys 1-4 . For example, to decide whether a pattern of random dots is moving to the left or right, the brain must represent the motion information in the visual cortex, interpret this information as evidence for one or the other direction, and eventually commit to a choice, indicated by some action. Through a combination of recording, lesion, and microstimulation experiments, the activity of directionselective neurons in area MT has been shown to represent an important source of the sensory evidence upon which such a decision about direction is based [5][6][7][8] . This raises the question of how that representation is converted into a categorical decision.When performing the motion discrimination task, monkeys improve in accuracy when given more time to view the stimulus 6,9 . Furthermore, in a reaction-time version of the task, stronger motion leads to both faster and more accurate decisions 10 . These findings can be explained by a simple mechanism whereby momentary sensory evidence is accumulated over time toward a criterion level, which in turn yields a commitment to a proposition and ultimately an action.A neural correlate of this process has been described in the macaque parietal cortex 10,11 . Many LIP neurons respond when visual stimuli are presented at a specific location in space or when monkeys intend to make a saccade to that same location; thus, they have combined sensory and motor RFs 12,13 . When monkeys indicate decisions about direction of motion with an eye movement, LIP neurons increase or decrease their firing as evidence accumulates in favor of or against the choice associated with the target in their RF 10 . This rise and fall in activity

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Section: Lip Microstimulation Affects Choice and Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Lip Microstimulation Affects Choice and Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 74%

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Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

2006

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“…Human studies, for example, show that areas such as the motion-sensitive region MT+, supplementary motor area (SMA), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) all display this parametric effect. Importantly, results from macaque studies show that activity in lateral intraparietal area (LIP), the macaque homologue of IPS (Grefkes and Fink, 2005), accords with predictions of the diffusion model and covaries with behavior (Roitman and Shadlen, 2002), consistent with previous macaque work demonstrating a link between LIP activity and response selection (reviewed in Andersen et al, 1997). In contrast, recordings in the macaque homologues of MT+ and SMA implicate them in either sensory (Gold and Shadlen, 2007) or motor (Mita et al, 2009) tasks, respectively.…”

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confidence: 78%

“…Previous work in primates has also suggested that IPS is important for sensorimotor transformations, rather than exclusively sensory or motor representations. Neuronal activity within the macaque homologue of mIPS, the lateral intraparietal area (LIP; Grefkes and Fink, 2005), correlated with the predictions of a diffusion model for evidence accumulation to threshold (Roitman and Shadlen, 2002;Shadlen and Newsome, 2001), thereby linking sensory information with the response. Moreover, microstimulation of LIP neurons that showed accumulation-related activity toward a specific direction increased the choice of that direction only when the stimulus was presented (Hanks et al, 2006), indicating that this area requires sensory information to influence motor response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The neural representation of sensorimotor transformations in a human perceptual decision making network

Erickson

Kayser

2013

NeuroImage

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Humans can quickly engage a neural network to transform complex visual stimuli into a motor response. Activity from a key region within this network, the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), has been associated with evidence accumulation and motor planning, thus implicating it in sensorimotor transformations. If such transformations occur within a brain region, a key and untested prediction is that neural activity reflecting both the parametric amount of evidence available and the timing of motor planning can be independently manipulated. To investigate these ideas, we constructed a dot motion discrimination task in which information about response modality (what to use) and response mapping (how to use it) was provided independently either before or after presentation of a dot motion coherence stimulus whose strength varied across trials. Consistent with our hypothesis, activity within IPS covaried with dot motion coherence during the stimulus phase, and as information necessary for the response was delayed, the peak of IPS activity shifted to the response phase. In contrast, areas such as the motion-sensitive region MT+ and the supplementary motor area demonstrated activity limited to the stimulus and response phases of the task, respectively. These results show that activity in IPS correlates with temporally dissociable representations consistent with both evidence accumulation and motor planning, and suggest that IPS is a core component for sensorimotor transformations within the perceptual decision-making network.© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe ability to link sensation with action is integral to even the most fundamental of decisions. In humans, a number of studies have identified a frontoparietal network involved in processes during perceptual decisions, including sensory processing, attentional control, evidence accumulation, and motor planning (Heekeren et al., 2008; Kayser et al., 2010a,b;Liu and Pleskac, 2011;Ploran et al., 2007Ploran et al., , 2011Rowe et al., 2010;Ho et al., 2009;Tosoni et al., 2008). Previously we demonstrated that for subjects performing a dot motion discrimination task, this network displays a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response that varies inversely with motion coherence (Kayser et al., 2010a). Consistent with previous and subsequent findings (e.g., Hebart et al., 2012;Ho et al., 2009;Kayser et al., 2010b), this negative parametric effect matched predictions of a proportional-rate diffusion model for evidence accumulation to a threshold (Palmer et al., 2005;Ratcliff and McKoon, 2008), and linked human brain activity with a computational model of the transformation from stimulus to response.Although this parametric effect is necessary, it is not sufficient to define regions that support such sensorimotor transformations. Human studies, for example, show that areas such as the motion-sensitive region MT+, supplementary motor area (SMA), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) all display this parametric effect. Importantly, results from macaque studies show that ...

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Association Between Failures in Perceptual Updating and the Severity of Psychosis in Schizophrenia

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCERecent accounts suggest that delusions and hallucinations may result from alterations in how prior knowledge is integrated with new information, but experimental evidence supporting this idea has been complex and inconsistent. Evidence from a simpler perceptual task would make clear whether psychotic symptoms are associated with overreliance on prior information and impaired updating.OBJECTIVE To investigate whether individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (PSZ) and healthy control individuals (HCs) differ in the ability to update their beliefs based on evidence in a relatively simple perceptual paradigm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis case-control study included individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for PSZ and matched HC participants in 2 independent samples. The PSZ group was recruited from the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Yale University, and community clinics, and the HC group was recruited from the community. To test perceptual updating, a random dot kinematogram paradigm was implemented in which dots moving coherently in a single direction were mixed with randomly moving dots. On 50% of trials, the direction of coherent motion changed by 90°midway through the trial. Participants were asked to report the direction perceived at the end of the trial. The Peters Delusions Inventory and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were used to quantify the severity of positive symptoms. Data were collected from September 2018 to March 2020 and were analyzed from approximately March 2020 to March 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESCritical measures included the proportion of responses centered around the initial direction vs the subsequent changed direction and the overall precision of motion perception and reaction times. RESULTS A total of 48 participants were included in the PSZ group (31 [65%] male; mean [SD] age, 36.56 [9.76] years) and 36 in the HC group (22 [61%] male; mean [SD] age, 35.67 [10.74] years) in the original sample. An independent replication sample included 42 participants in the PSZ group (29 [69%] male; mean [SD] age, 33.98 [11.03] years) and 34 in the HC group (20 [59%] male; mean [SD] age, 34.29 [10.44] years). In line with previous research, patients with PSZ were less precise and had slower reaction times overall. The key finding was that patients with PSZ were significantly more likely (original sample: mean, 27.88 [95% CI, 24.19-31.57]; replication sample: mean, 26.70 [95% CI, 23.53-29.87]) than HC participants (original sample: mean, 18.86 [95% CI, 16.56-21.16]; replication sample: mean, 15.67 [95% CI, 12.61-18.73]) to report the initial motion direction rather than the final one. Moreover, the tendency to report the direction of initial motion correlated with the degree of conviction on the Peters Delusions Inventory

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Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task

Cited by 1,449 publications

References 47 publications

Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task

The neural representation of sensorimotor transformations in a human perceptual decision making network

Association Between Failures in Perceptual Updating and the Severity of Psychosis in Schizophrenia

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