Response of No-Till Corn to Nitrogen Source, Rate, and Time of Application

Wells, Kenneth L.; Thom, William O.; Rice, H. B.

doi:10.2134/jpa1992.0607

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This confirms that the NH 3 –N losses in the three years under the conditions of this experiment, were low. These results do not agree with previously reported research (Fox et al, 1986; Wells et al, 1992; Fox and Piekielek, 1993) indicating a greater N accumulation and grain yield with NH 4 NO 3 than with urea. In those reports, NH 3 –N losses ranged from 11 to 30% of N applied.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, in 1996–1997 neither variable was increased with fertilization at V6 (Table 4). Greater N uptake and grain yield with fertilization at V6 have been reported by other researchers (Wells and Bitzer, 1984; Fox et al, 1986; Wells et al, 1992). This suggests that plant uptake of fertilizer N is more efficient when applied just prior maximum plant need, due to lower N losses through denitrification or leaching, or lower N immobilization in organic forms (Bigeriego et al, 1979; Wells and Bitzer, 1984; Jokela and Randall, 1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…At the six‐leaf stage (V6) (Ritchie and Hanway, 1982), maize starts its most active growth and substantially increases N and water consumption. Fertilization at V6 is more efficient than the application at planting, particularly under no‐tillage (Wells and Bitzer, 1984; Fox et al, 1986; Wells et al, 1992). The greater N uptake and yield in no‐tillage maize observed when fertilizer is applied at V6 stage could be due to the decrease in N losses due to denitrification (Wells and Bitzer, 1984), immobilization (Jokela and Randall, 1997), and leaching (Thomas et al, 1973), because of the reduction in soil water content (Linn and Doran, 1984; Jokela and Randall, 1997) associated with crop water consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No‐Till Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Yield: Effect of Urease Inhibitor and Application Time

Rozas¹,

́a²,

Studdert³

et al. 1999

Agronomy Journal

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No‐tillage affects maize (Zea mays L.) fertilizer N use efficiency when urea is surface‐applied, due to NH3 volatilization. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted at Balcarce, Argentina (37°45′ S, 58°18′ W), on a soil complex of a fine, mixed, thermic Typic Argiudoll and a fine, illitic, thermic Petrocalcic Paleudoll. The objective was to evaluate the effect of surface‐applied urea rate (0, 35, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha−1), with and without a urease inhibitor [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (nBTPT) at different times (planting; six‐leaf stage, V6) on NH3 volatilization losses, soil mineral N, and maize N uptake and grain yield under no‐tillage. A semiopen static system was used to monitor NH3 volatilization losses. Ammonia N losses from urea without nBTPT ranged between 2.6 and 13.3% of applied N, being greater with higher N rates and when the urea was applied at V6. Volatilization losses with nBTPT were not different than those from the control. The use of nBTPT did not increase soil mineral N consistently and did not increase N uptake nor grain yield. Relative to fertilization at planting, fertilization at V6 increased soil mineral N at flowering, N uptake at physiological maturity (167 and 155 kg ha−1, respectively), and grain yield (11 003 and 10 440 kg ha−1, respectively). For slightly acid and high organic matter soils, the use of nBTPT did not improve urea N use efficiency. Delayed urea application had a greater and more consistent effect than the use of nBTPT on the increase of no‐till maize grain yield and N use efficiency.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No‐Till Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Yield: Effect of Urease Inhibitor and Application Time

Rozas¹,

́a²,

Studdert³

et al. 1999

Agronomy Journal

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“…In the 1994–1995, 1995–1996, and 1998–1999 growing seasons, the FV6 increased grain yield compared with FPL, mainly in the lower N rates (Table 3). Greater grain yield with FV6 has been reported by other researchers (Wells and Bitzer, 1984; Fox et al, 1986; Wells et al, 1992).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Nitrogen Balance as Affected by Application Time and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Irrigated No‐Tillage Maize

2004

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High N requirements of no‐tillage maize (Zea mays L.) make it imperative to develop management strategies that optimize crop production and N use efficiency (NUE). A 4‐yr field experiment was conducted at Balcarce (37°45′S, 58°18′W), Argentina, on a Typic Argiudoll and a Petrocalcic Paleudoll. The objective was to evaluate the effect of urea rate (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha−1) at planting (FPL) or six‐leaf stage (FV6) on NH3 volatilization, denitrification, soil residual nitrate, soil microbial biomass N (MBN), N uptake, grain yield, and unaccounted N (UN). Grain yield was 10.5 and 11.2 Mg ha−1, and N uptake at physiological maturity was 168 and 192 kg N ha−1 (average of N rates) for FPL and FV6, respectively. Gaseous N losses ranged from 7.6 to 13.8% of applied N and were not affected by the fertilizer time. Relative to unfertilized control, fertilized treatments increased MBN (13.4 kg N ha−1) similarly for both fertilization times. For FPL, UN was 55, 69, 86, and 103 kg N ha−1 for 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha−1, respectively. For FV6, UN was 55, 46, 49, and 34 kg N ha−1 for 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha−1, respectively. The losses were attributed to nitrate (NO3) leaching. Results of this experiment show that high fertilizer NUE in combination with economically competitive grain yields can be obtained when N is applied at V6 because gaseous N losses are low (less than 13.8%) and NO3 leaching would be reduced.

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“…Nitrogen fertilization at V6 (Ritchie and Hanway, 1982) is more efficient than the application at planting, particularly under NT (Wells and Bitzer, 1984; Fox et al, 1986; Wells et al, 1992; Sainz Rozas et al, 1999). However, Argentinean farmers generally surface broadcast (NH 2 ) 2 CO at planting, and N rates are commonly determined using the aboveground N balance approach (Meisinger, 1984) according to the following equation:

N_{f} = (N_{c h} + N_{c r} - e_{s} N_{normalsin} - e_{m} N_{normalmin}) / e_{f}

where N f is fertilizer N input, N ch = crop grain N, N cr = crop residue N, N min = estimated soil N mineralization, N sin = estimated soil inorganic N, e f = fraction of N f in the aboveground biomass, e s = fraction of N sin in the aboveground biomass, and e m = fraction of N min in the aboveground biomass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Test for No‐Tillage Maize Fertilized at Planting

Rozas¹,

Echeverría²,

Studdert³

et al. 2000

Agronomy Journal

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determined at planting, and N min is estimated from organic N content multiplied by a mineralization coeffi-Soil N transformations under no-tillage (NT) could affect the utility cient (1-3%). This methodology can be subject to conof the presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT), particularly where early season growing conditions are cool as in Balcarce, Argentina. The siderable error because a variable fraction of soil PSNT was evaluated for irrigated NT maize (Zea mays L.) with mineral N at planting in humid climates can be lost different N rates (Exp. 1) and for rainfed maize under NT and convenbefore plant uptake (Hergert, 1987). Besides, the magnitional tillage (CT) with different preceding crops and N rates (Exp.tude of N mineralization depends on organic matter 2). In both experiments, N was surface broadcast as (NH 2 ) 2 CO at content, substrate quality and accessibility, soil moisplanting. The reliability of the PSNT was evaluated when NH ؉ 4 -N ture, and temperature (Rice and Havlin, 1994). was determined and when samples were taken up to a 60-cm depth Recent studies using the PSNT have shown a good in the first experiment. In this experiment, the relative yield (RY) correlation between maize grain yield and surface soil was highly correlated (R 2 ϭ 0.61-0.86) with soil NO Ϫ 3 -N concentration NO Ϫ 3 -N content when plants are at V4 to V6 (Magdoff (0-30 cm) at the six-leaf stage (V6). The reliability (R 2 ) did not imet al., 1984; Fox et al., 1989; Binford et al., 1992; Meiprove when NH ؉ 4 -N was determined or when sampling was done up to a 60-cm depth. In the second experiment, there was a good relation-singer et al., 1992b; Sims et al., 1995). Soil NO Ϫ 3 -N conship between the RY and NO Ϫ 3 -N concentration (0-30 cm) at V6 tent at that stage represents the net balance between (R 2 ϭ 0.47), and the R 2 value increased (R 2 ϭ 0.61) when the preceding production (mineralization from soil organic matter, crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil NO Ϫ 3 -N critical concenmanure, and/or fertilizers) and loss (leaching, denitrifitrations ranged between 17 and 27 mg kg Ϫ1 and were associated with cation, and immobilization) because little or no N upa RY of 0.92 or higher in both experiments. The results of this studytake occurs prior to that stage (Meisinger et al., 1992b).show that the PSNT can be used to evaluate preplant N applications Magdoff et al. (1984) have proposed the PSNT as an as a complementary method to N budget in maize under different index of N-mineralization intensity from soil organic management practices.

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Response of No-Till Corn to Nitrogen Source, Rate, and Time of Application

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

No‐Till Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Yield: Effect of Urease Inhibitor and Application Time

No‐Till Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Yield: Effect of Urease Inhibitor and Application Time

Nitrogen Balance as Affected by Application Time and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Irrigated No‐Tillage Maize

Evaluation of the Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Test for No‐Tillage Maize Fertilized at Planting

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