Response of Normal Subjects to Large Amounts of Aldosterone1

August, J. T.; Nelson, Don H.; Thorn, George W.

doi:10.1172/jci103747

Cited by 291 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This was generally followed by sustained sodium retention, and in one subject (J.N., Fig. 5) by a clear "escape" phenomenon like that seen in the Preedy and Aitken study (32) and similar to that which is observed when aldosterone is administered to normal subjects (33). The results strongly suggest that the apparent "salt-retaining" activity of these estrogens may in fact be attributed to the increased aldosterone secretion which they stimulate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Estradiol and Estriol on Plasma Levels of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone-Binding Globulins and on Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion Rates in Man*

Katz¹,

Kappas²

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Summary. The effects of estriol and estradiol on the plasma levels of cortisol-and thyroxine-binding globulin activity, and on the secretion rates of aldosterone and cortisol were studied in man. The metabolite estriol had no consistent or significant influence on plasma levels of the hormone-binding globulin activities; the hormone estradiol increased these binding capacities significantly, as expected. Cortisol secretion rate rose slightly after estriol but was unchanged after estradiol. Both compounds induced substantial increases in the aldosterone secretion-rate of most treated subjects. The mechanism of this apparently paradoxical effect of estrogens is not clear; it is suggested that the "salt-retaining" action of estrogens is mediated in part by the rapid enhancement of aldosterone output which follows their administration in man. Balance experiments in four subjects suggest that both estradiol and estriol may induce a transient early natriuresis in man; but other mechanisms for estrogen stimulation of aldosterone secretion may be operative as well. IntroductionEstriol is quantitatively the most important metabolite of estradiol, being derived from this hormone and related precursors such as estrone, via a chemical transformation which is not reversible in vivo (1). Its production is known to increase extraordinarily in pregnancy, reaching levels of

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Estradiol and Estriol on Plasma Levels of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone-Binding Globulins and on Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion Rates in Man*

Katz¹,

Kappas²

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In consequence, an aldosterone-induced drop in plasma K + levels is coupled to an increase in Na + levels. Such coupling has also been demonstrated by direct aldosterone infusion in humans [31] and adrenolectomised dogs [32]. In view of our observation of a sustained suppression of the K + levels following hypoglycaemia and the absence of any corresponding longacting effect on the Na + levels, a mechanism other than that of aldosterone-induced changes must therefore be sought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Dynamics of blood electrolytes in repeated hyper- and/or hypoglycaemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2011

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Aims/hypothesis Electrolyte disturbances are well-known consequences of the diabetic pathology. However, less is known about the cumulative effects of repeated changes in glycaemia, a characteristic of diabetes, on the electrolyte balance. We therefore investigated the ionic profiles of patients with type 1 diabetes during consecutive hyper-and/or hypoglycaemic events using the glucose clamp. Methods In protocol 1, two successive hyperglycaemic excursions to 18 mmol/l were induced; in protocol 2, a hypoglycaemic excursion (2.5 mmol/l) was followed by a hyperglycaemic excursion (12 mmol/l) and another hypoglycaemic episode (3.0 mmol/l). Results Blood osmolarity increased during hyperglycaemia and was unaffected by hypoglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia induced decreases in plasma Na + Cl − and Ca 2+ concentrations and increases in K + concentrations. These changes were faithfully reproduced during a second hyperglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia provoked rapid and rapidly reversible increases in Na + , Cl − and Ca 2+ . In sharp contrast, K + levels displayed a rapid and substantial fall from which they did not fully recover even 2 h after the re-establishment of euglycaemia. A second hypoglycaemia caused an additional fall. Conclusions/interpretation Repeated hyperglycaemia events do not lead to any cumulative effects on blood electrolytes. However, repeated hypoglycaemias are cumulative with respect to K + levels due to a very slow recovery following hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that recurring hypoglycaemic events may lead to progressively lower K + levels despite rapid re-establishment of euglycaemia. This warrants close monitoring of plasma K + levels combined with continuous glucose monitoring particularly in patients under intensive insulin therapy who are subject to repeated hypoglycaemic episodes.Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT01060917. Funding:

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“…The prolonged aldosterone hypersecretion secondary to the infusion of angiotensin produces slightly different physiological changes than those previously described for the continued administration of aldosterone (35). Infusion of angiotensin produces more immediate and impressive increases in arterial blood pressure; it produces hyponatremia instead of hypernatremia and shows less tendency for potassium wastage and alkalosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prolonged Infusions of Angiotensin II and Norepinephrine and Blood Pressure, Electrolyte Balance, and Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion in Normal Man and in Cirrhosis with Ascites*

Ames¹,

Borkowski²,

Siciński³

et al. 1965

J. Clin. Invest.

336

116

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Response of Normal Subjects to Large Amounts of Aldosterone1

Cited by 291 publications

References 31 publications

The Effects of Estradiol and Estriol on Plasma Levels of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone-Binding Globulins and on Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion Rates in Man*

The Effects of Estradiol and Estriol on Plasma Levels of Cortisol and Thyroid Hormone-Binding Globulins and on Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion Rates in Man*

Dynamics of blood electrolytes in repeated hyper- and/or hypoglycaemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes

Prolonged Infusions of Angiotensin II and Norepinephrine and Blood Pressure, Electrolyte Balance, and Aldosterone and Cortisol Secretion in Normal Man and in Cirrhosis with Ascites*

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