Response of peripheral arterial pulse wave velocity to acute exercise in patients after recent myocardial infarction and healthy controls

Abstract

Background Many studies found increased central arterial stiffness and poor endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute exercise has been shown to decrease peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) in young healthy volunteers. We hypothesized the response to acute exercise to be diminished in CAD patients compared to healthy young (HY) and age-matched (HAM) controls. Methods In 21 patients after recent myocardial infarction (CAD), 11 HAM and 10 HY pPWV was measured by applanation tonometry at the proximal femoral artery and the posterior tibial artery at rest and from 5 to 15 min after cessation of exhaustive exercise. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored continuously. Resting central PWV (cPWV) was measured between the carotid and femoral arteries. Resting values and reponses to acute exercise were compared between the three groups and predictors for pPWV response were sought. Results The response in pPWV to acute exercise seen in HY (lowering in pPWV by 17%) was absent in both CAD and HAM. Resting pPWV was not statistically different between the three groups, while cPWV was comparable in CAD and HAM but 17% lower in HY. Predictors for response in pPWV to exercise were age (Spearman r = 0.48), cPWV (r = 0.34) and response in diastolic BP (r = 0.32). Conclusion The response in pPWV to acute exercise observed in HY was absent in CAD and HAM. In dilated peripheral arteries, PWV may reflect stiffness of passive vessel structures, which are likely to increase with age in healthy persons and CAD alike.

The Acute Effect of Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Meta-Analysis

“…This effect could be mediated by the alteration of vascular muscle with exercise, possibly induced by components such as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor [ 68 ]. The peripheral PWv after exercise shows vessel dilation due to increased shear stress, decreased vessel wall thickness, and reduced vasomotor tone [ 69 ]. In fact, our findings in the peripheral PWv could be bigger than the results of the present study are showing because the data of the mixed central and peripheral PWv have been considered as data of the peripheral PWv and, as a consequence, in mixed (central and peripheral) PWv, the central PWv could have blunted the effect of the peripheral PWv.…”

“…Blood pressure and PWv are closely related, so much so that it is still debated whether the former represents a cause or a consequence of the latter [ 70 ]. During exercise there is an increase in blood pressure, probably due to the action of the sympathetic nervous system [ 69 ]. Immediately after exercise, there is hypotension in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure that lasts up to two hours [ 69 , 71 ].…”

“…During exercise there is an increase in blood pressure, probably due to the action of the sympathetic nervous system [ 69 ]. Immediately after exercise, there is hypotension in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure that lasts up to two hours [ 69 , 71 ]. A total of twenty-four hours after exercise, there is a slight increase in blood pressure compared to the immediate effect after exercise [ 71 ].…”

Low Vitamin D Status Relates to the Poor Response of Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Following Acute Maximal Exercise in Healthy Young Men

“…A priori power analysis with G*Power (version 3.1.9.7, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany) was performed, using a predefined power of 0.80, an effect size of 0.94 and an alpha level of 0.05 [ 20 ]. According to the parameters, this led to a required sample size of at least 15 participants in each group.…”

Venous volume and compliance in the calf and forearm does not change after acute endurance exercise performed at continuous or interval workloads

“…Because exercise training consists of repeated bouts of acute endurance exercise, it is necessary to understand the effect of acute endurance exercise on venous vascular properties. It has been reported that the decrease in arterial stiffness after acute endurance exercise seems to be caused partly by enhanced endothelial function (Saz‐Lara et al, 2021 ; Trachsel et al, 2019 ). In addition, acute endurance exercise elicits the production of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) by increasing blood flow and shear stress (Mochizuki et al, 1999 ; Shen et al, 1995 ), and this enhanced NO synthesis modulates arterial stiffness (Wilkinson et al, 2002 ).…”