Response of Potted Citrus Trees Subjected to Water Deficit Irrigation with the Application of Superabsorbent Polyacrylamide Polymers

Abstract

Searching for new strategies to mitigate the effects of low water availability for citrus production, a study was carried out on potted mandarin cv. W. Murcott, with the objective of evaluating the physiological and growth response of the plants to polyacrylamide gel application in the substrate in water restriction conditions. The following treatments were evaluated, T0 (control) with 100% ETc water replenishment, T1 with 50% ETc water replenishment, and T2 with 50% ETc water replenishment plus the application of polyacrylamide polymers to the substrate. Temperature and water volumetric content (ϴ: m3 m−3) were evaluated in the substrate. Plant water-status parameters such as stem water potential (SWP), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), as well as biomass, nutrients levels, and proline biosynthesis were measured in the plants in response to the treatments. The results showed that the substrate moisture for T2 was kept significantly higher than T0 and T1, despite receiving the same irrigation rate as T1 and a half of T0; however, this higher moisture availability in the substrate of T2 was not reflected in the plant’s water status or growth. On the contrary, the T2 plants showed responses such as lower total biomass, lower vegetative development, and lower root biomass, as well as a higher concentration of proline in the root. According to these results, it is concluded that polymers such as polyacrylamide sodium allow the retention of water in the substrate, but do not necessarily release that water for plants, probably because that moisture is kept in the hydrogel and not released to the substrate media or the roots, or if released, in this case, this occurs with an increase in the concentration of sodium available to the plants, which could lead the citrus crop to a worse situation of water and/or osmotic stress.

Abiotic Stresses Management in Citrus

“…These polymers can quickly absorb large amounts of water and gradually provide the water stored in their structure to the plant while drying the environment. In this way, the soil remains wet for a long time without rewatering [25,26]. Modifying the citrus root system surrounded by these polymers will increase water retention and minerals in the plant growth environment, improve soil texture, increase water penetration and germination, and faster plant growth.…”

Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Anti-Stressors on Water Productivity, and Fruit Quality at Harvest and Stored ‘Murcott’ Mandarin

“…The projected impacts of climate change threaten global food security [3], as well as an increase in extreme water scarcity that restricts agricultural production and expansion, especially in the Mediterranean region [4,5] as well as Egypt [6]. As a result, researchers worldwide are looking for innovative solutions that permit more efficient utilization of water resources to conserve water, and increase crop yields and water productivity [7].…”