Response of putative pathogenicity-related genes in <i>Tilletia indica</i> inciting Karnal bunt of wheat

Gurjar, Malkhan Singh; Jogawat, Abhimanyu; Saharan, M. S.; Aggarwal, Rashmi

doi:10.1556/0806.45.2017.067

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Moreover, because of the low infestation, usually not up to a level to cause any significant loss, the chemical measures are generally neither applied nor comprehensively effective. Apart from this, because of the complex infection mechanism, the management of KB is difficult using cultural practices and fungicide applications ( Pandey et al, 2018 ; Kashyap et al, 2018 ; Gurjar et al, 2018 ; Emebiri et al, 2019a ). Although, application of chemical fungicides like carbendazim, triadimefon, and propiconazole as foliar spray has been found to be effective to control the KB incidences in wheat ( Duveiller and Mezzalama, 2009 ).…”

Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Bishnoi

Phuke³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop health assumes unprecedented significance in being the second most important staple crop of the world. It is host to an array of fungal pathogens attacking the plant at different developmental stages and accrues various degrees of yield losses owing to these. Tilletia indica that causes Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat is one such fungal pathogen of high quarantine importance restricting the free global trade of wheat besides the loss of grain yield as well as quality. With global climate change, the disease appears to be shifting from its traditional areas of occurrence with reports of increased vulnerabilities of new areas across the continents. This KB vulnerability of new geographies is of serious concern because once established, the disease is extremely difficult to eradicate and no known instance of its complete eradication using any management strategy has been reported yet. The host resistance to KB is the most successful as well as preferred strategy for its mitigation and control. However, breeding of KB resistant wheat cultivars has proven to be not so easy, and the low success rate owes to the scarcity of resistance sources, extremely laborious and regulated field screening protocols delaying identification/validation of putative resistance sources, and complex quantitative nature of resistance with multiple genes conferring only partial resistance. Moreover, given a lack of comprehensive understanding of the KB disease epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogen evolution. Here, in this review, we attempt to summarize the progress made and efforts underway toward a holistic understanding of the disease itself with a specific focus on the host-pathogen interaction between T. indica and wheat as key elements in the development of resistant germplasm. In this context, we emphasize the tools and techniques being utilized in development of KB resistant germplasm by illuminating upon the genetics concerning the host responses to the KB pathogen including a future course. As such, this article could act as a one stop information primer on this economically important and re-emerging old foe threatening to cause devastating impacts on food security and well-being of communities that rely on wheat.

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Section: Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Bishnoi

Phuke³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…T. indica survives as diploid teliospores, germinating and producing haploid primary allantoid sporidia (basidiospores). Two compatible strains of allantoid sporidia conjugate immediately on the promycelium, and produce dikaryotic infectious hyphae or secondary sporidia that systemically infect wheat seedlings [ 7 , 11 – 13 ]. In the present study, the main focus was on dikaryotic infectious hyphae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, only a few transcriptome data analyses of T. indica have reported so far. Gurjar et al, 2018a [ 11 ] studied regulation of genes from T. indica grown from germination of teliospores. Most recently, a study by Gurjar et al, 2022b [ 19 ] extracted differentially expressed genes of RAKB_UP_1 isolate of T. indica utilizing draft genome of a non-pathogenic monosporidial line for mapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and transcriptome based comparative analysis of Tilletia indica to decipher the causal genes for pathogenicity of Karnal bunt in wheat

Singh,

Sharma,

Jaiswal

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Tilletia indica Mitra causes Karnal bunt (KB) in wheat by pathogenic dikaryophase. The present study is the first to provide the draft genomes of the dikaryon (PSWKBGD-3) and its two monosporidial lines (PSWKBGH-1 and 2) using Illumina and PacBio reads, their annotation and the comparative analyses among the three genomes by extracting polymorphic SSR markers. The trancriptome from infected wheat grains of the susceptible wheat cultivar WL711 at 24 h, 48h, and 7d after inoculation of PSWKBGH-1, 2 and PSWKBGD-3 were also isolated. Further, two transcriptome analyses were performed utilizing T. indica transcriptome to extract dikaryon genes responsible for pathogenesis, and wheat transcriptome to extract wheat genes affected by dikaryon involved in plant-pathogen interaction during progression of KB in wheat. A total of 54, 529, and 87 genes at 24hai, 48hai, and 7dai, respectively were upregulated in dikaryon stage while 21, 35, and 134 genes of T. indica at 24hai, 48hai, and 7dai, respectively, were activated only in dikaryon stage. While, a total of 23, 17, and 52 wheat genes at 24hai, 48hai, and 7dai, respectively were upregulated due to the presence of dikaryon stage only. The results obtained during this study have been compiled in a web resource called TiGeR (http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/tiger/), which is the first genomic resource for T. indica cataloguing genes, genomic and polymorphic SSRs of the three T. indica lines, wheat and T. indica DEGs as well as wheat genes affected by T. indica dikaryon along with the pathogenecity related proteins of T. indica dikaryon during incidence of KB at different time points. The present study would be helpful to understand the role of dikaryon in plant-pathogen interaction during progression of KB, which would be helpful to manage KB in wheat, and to develop KB-resistant wheat varieties.

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“…At the time of maturity of wheat grain, teliospores are liberated during harvesting/threshing to the soil surface or dispersed on or in the grain and the disease cycle begins again (Dhaliwal and Singh 1989). Recently, few putative pathogenicity-related genes in T. indica were analyzed using real-time PCR (Gurjar et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to manage the disease effectively through cultural practices and fungicide applications because of its complex infection behavior (Pandey et al, 2018;Gurjar et al 2018). The best approach to manage the disease is through resistant cultivars (Brar et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo genome sequencing and secretome analysis of Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt of wheat provides pathogenesis-related genes

et al. 2019

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Tilletia indica is an internationally quarantined fungal pathogen causing Karnal bunt of wheat. The present study carried out that the whole genome of T. indica was sequenced and identified transposable elements, pathogenicity-related genes using a comparative genomics approach. The T. indica genome assembly size of 33.7 MB was generated using Illumina and Pac Bio platforms with GC content of 55.0%. A total of 1737 scaffolds were obtained with N 50 of 58,667 bp. The ab initio gene prediction was performed using Ustilago maydis as the reference species. A total number of 10,113 genes were predicted with an average gene size of 1945 bp out of which functionally annotated genes were 7262. A total number of 3216 protein-coding genes were assigned in different categories. Out of a total number of 1877 transposable elements, gypsy had the highest count (573). Total 5772 simple sequence repeats were identified in the genome assembly, and the most abundant simple sequence repeat type was trinucleotide having 42% of total SSRs. The comparative genome analysis suggested 3751 proteins of T. indica had orthologs in five fungi, whereas 126 proteins were unique to T. indica. Secretome analysis revealed the presence of 1014 secretory proteins and few carbohydrate-active enzymes in the genome. Some putative candidate pathogenicity-related genes were identified in the genome. The whole genome of T. indica will provide a window to understand the pathogenesis mechanism, fungal life cycle, survival of teliospores, and novel strategies for management of Karnal bunt disease of wheat.

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Response of putative pathogenicity-related genes in Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt of wheat

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Karnal Bunt: A Re-Emerging Old Foe of Wheat

Genome and transcriptome based comparative analysis of Tilletia indica to decipher the causal genes for pathogenicity of Karnal bunt in wheat

De novo genome sequencing and secretome analysis of Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt of wheat provides pathogenesis-related genes

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