Response of real-time black carbon mass instruments to mini-CAST soot

Ďurdina, Lukáš; Lobo, Prem; Trueblood, Max B.; Black, Elizabeth A.; Achterberg, Steven; Hagen, Donald E.; Brem, Benjamin T.; Wang, Jing

doi:10.1080/02786826.2016.1204423

Cited by 51 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…On the contrary, a slight growth upon O 3 exposure was detected in the range of 3 nm. Such growth of particles has already been reported by Fendel et al (1995) for metal and spark discharge graphite particles and by Kotzick et al (1997) for spark discharge graphite particles. A detailed analysis of this aspect is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Impact of isolated atmospheric aging processes on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of soot particles

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The largest contributors to the uncertainty in assessing the anthropogenic contribution in radiative forcing are the direct and indirect effects of aerosol particles on the Earth's radiative budget. Soot particles are of special interest since their properties can change significantly due to aging processes once they are emitted into the atmosphere. Probably the largest obstacle for the investigation of these processes in the laboratory is the long atmospheric lifetime of 1 week, requiring tailored experiments that cover this time span. This work presents results on the ability of two types of soot, obtained using a miniCAST soot generator, to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) after exposure to atmospherically relevant levels of ozone (O3) and humidity. Aging times of up to 12 h were achieved by successful application of the continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) concept while allowing for size selection of particles prior to the aging step. Particles of 100 nm diameter and rich in organic carbon (OC) that were initially CCN inactive showed significant CCN activity at supersaturations (SS) down to 0.3 % after 10 h of exposure to 200 ppb of O3. While this process was not affected by different levels of relative humidity in the range of 5 %–75 %, a high sensitivity towards the ambient/reaction temperature was observed. Soot particles with a lower OC content required an approximately 4-fold longer aging duration to show CCN activity at the same SS. Prior to the slow change in the CCN activity, a rapid increase in the particle diameter was detected which occurred within several minutes. This study highlights the applicability of the CSTR approach for the simulation of atmospheric aging processes, as aging durations beyond 12 h can be achieved in comparably small aerosol chamber volumes (<3 m3). Implementation of our measurement results in a global aerosol-climate model, ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3, showed a statistically significant increase in the regional and global CCN burden and cloud droplet number concentration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Impact of isolated atmospheric aging processes on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of soot particles

et al. 2019

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“…Such type of burners and specifically the miniCAST burner have been used widely for the production of soot particles in laboratory studies e.g. (Durdina et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2015;Malmborg et al, 2018;Mamakos et al, 2013;Maricq, 2014;Mueller et al, 2015;Török et al, 2018). The miniCAST was operated in two different settings for the production of soot https://doi.org /10.5194/acp-2019-504 Preprint.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Isolated Atmospheric Aging processes on the Cloud Condensation Nuclei-activation of Soot Particles

Friebel¹,

Lobo²,

Neubauer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The largest contributors to the uncertainty in assessing the anthropogenic contribution in radiative forcing are the direct and indirect effects of aerosol particles on the Earth's radiative budget. Soot particles are of special interest since their properties can change significantly due to aging processes once they are emitted to the atmosphere. Probably the largest obstacle for the investigation of these processes in the laboratory is the long atmospheric lifetime of one week, demanding tailored experiments that cover this time span. This work presents results on the ability of two types of soot to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) after exposure to atmospherically relevant levels of ozone and humidity. Aging times of up to 12&#8201;h were achieved by successful application of the continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) concept while allowing for size-selection of particles prior to the aging step. 100&#8201;nm particles rich in organic carbon (OC) that were initially CCN-inactive showed significant CCN-activity at supersaturations (SS) down to 0.3&#8201;% after 10&#8201;h of exposure to 200&#8201;ppb of ozone. While this process was not affected by different levels of relative humidity in the range 5&#8211;75&#8201;%, a high sensitivity towards the ambient/reaction temperature was observed. Soot particles with a lower OC-content demanded an approximately four-fold longer aging duration to show CCN-activity for the same SS. Prior to the slow change in the CCN-activity, a rapid increase in the particle diameter was detected which occurred within several minutes. This study highlights the applicability of the CSTR-approach for the simulation of atmospheric aging processes, as aging durations beyond 12&#8201;h can be achieved in comparably small aerosol chamber volumes (<&#8201;3&#8201;m3). Implementation of our measurement results on the CCN-activity of soot particles retrieved from measurements at atmospherically relevant conditions into a global aerosol-climate model showed a statistically significant increase in the regional and global CCN burden and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC).

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“…The burner was operated at 400 • C with a propane and air flow rate of 15 mL min −1 and 1.0 L min −1 , respectively. The miniCAST utilized in the APG has been well characterized in previous work (e.g., Pinho et al, 2008;Seong and Boehman, 2012;Mamakos et al, 2013;Maricq and Matti Maricq, 2014;Durdina et al, 2016;Moore et al, 2014). The soot formed is a mixture of black and oxidized carbon (Moore et al, 2014).…”

Section: Aerosol Composition and Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soot formed is a mixture of black and oxidized carbon (Moore et al, 2014). The aerosol structures generated by the APG likely consisted of fractallike agglomerates of nonspherical particles (Moore et al, 2014;Durdina et al, 2016). APG combustion aerosols are mixed with inorganic and slightly soluble succinic acid, and CCN activity is subsequently measured at different supersaturations.…”

Section: Aerosol Composition and Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to investigating the impact of mixing fresh combustion emissions with inorganic and organic aerosols, the CCN activation spectra of soot were measured using combustion aerosol generated from the APG. The aerosol is likely composed of black carbon and oxidized carbonaceous material (Moore et al, 2014;Durdina et al, 2016). Thus we also refer to carbonaceous aerosol as black carbon mixtures (simply, BC mixtures).…”

Section: External and Internal Mixtures Of Combustion Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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External and internal cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) mixtures: controlled laboratory studies of varying mixing states

Gao

Berte

et al. 2019

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Changes in aerosol chemical mixtures modify cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. Previous studies have developed CCN models and validated changes in external and internal mixing state with ambient field data. Here, we develop an experimental method to test and validate the CCN activation of known aerosol chemical composition with multicomponent mixtures and varying mixing states. CCN activation curves consisting of one or more activation points are presented. Specifically, simplified two-component systems of varying hygroscopicity were generated under internal, external, and transitional mixing conditions. κ-Köhler theory predictions were calculated for different organic and inorganic mixtures and compared to experimentally derived kappa values and respective mixing states. This work employs novel experimental methods to provide information on the shifts in CCN activation data due to external to internal particle mixing from controlled laboratory sources. Results show that activation curves consisting of single and double activation points are consistent with internal and external mixtures, respectively. In addition, the height of the plateau at the activation points is reflective of the externally mixed concentration in the mixture. The presence of a plateau indicates that CCN activation curves consisting of multiple inflection points are externally mixed aerosols of varying water-uptake properties. The plateau disappears when mixing is promoted in the flow tube. At the end of the flow tube experiment, the aerosols are internally mixed and the CCN activated fraction data can be fit with a single-sigmoid curve. The technique to mimic externally to internally mixed aerosol is applied to non-hygroscopic carbonaceous aerosol with organic and inorganic components. To our knowledge, this work is the first to show controlled CCN activation of mixed nonhygroscopic soot with hygroscopic material as the aerosol population transitions from externally to internally mixed states in laboratory conditions. Results confirm that CCN activation analysis methods used here and in ambient data sets are robust and may be used to infer the mixing state of complex aerosol compositions of unknown origin.

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Response of real-time black carbon mass instruments to mini-CAST soot

Cited by 51 publications

References 60 publications

Impact of isolated atmospheric aging processes on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of soot particles

Impact of isolated atmospheric aging processes on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of soot particles

Impact of Isolated Atmospheric Aging processes on the Cloud Condensation Nuclei-activation of Soot Particles

External and internal cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) mixtures: controlled laboratory studies of varying mixing states

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