Response of Seeds, Oil Yield and Fatty Acids Percentage of Jojoba Shrub Strain EAI to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Moringa Leaves Extract

Abstract

Jojoba seeds have a unique storage lipid wax which is suitable as a basic feedstock in the chemical industry. For saving both human health and the environment, there is a continuous need to search for alternative safe natural sources of plant nutrients. Therefore, in this study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and Moringa oleifera leaves extract on growth, flowering, fruits set, yield and the chemical composition of the jojoba shrub was studied. The application of a combination of treatments of 20 g L−1 mycorrhizal fungi plus 30 g L−1Moringa oleifera leaves extract recorded the maximum mean values of main branch length, length of secondary branches, number of branched nodes, number of secondary branches, flowering percentage, final fruit set percentage, seeds yield per shrub and per hectare, percentage of minerals, proteins as well as oil yield per shrub and per hectare, chlorophyll a and b, N, P, K percentage with a minimum mean value of the number of days until full bloom in both seasons. The maximum percentage of Gadoleic fatty acid was found with the combination treatment of uninoculation plus 10 g L−1Moringa oleifera leaves extract.

Growth, Yield, Quality, and Phytochemical Behavior of Three Cultivars of Quinoa in Response to Moringa and Azolla Extracts under Organic Farming Conditions

“…Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is a promising organic extract in the agriculture field due to its high content of phytohormones, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals [39][40][41][42]. It is used to improve plant development and yields in a wide range of crops [20,40,[43][44][45], as well as to alleviate the adverse impact of biotic and abiotic stress [39,[46][47][48].…”

Response of Growth, Yield, and Phytochemical Behavior of Jojoba Genotypes to Azolla filiculoides Plant Extract

“…Gibberellins cause sugar metabolizing enzymes to become active. As a result, seed and oil yields are increased [ 6 , 7 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Our findings are consistent with the findings of a number of other scholars.…”

“…As a result, it can be utilized in the chemical industry [ 1 ] as a basic feedstock for medications, lubricants, gear additives, extenders, and anti-foaming agents, as well as in the wax and polish industries [ 3 , 4 ]. Plant development, blooming, and fruiting, as well as seed yield and consistency, are influenced by a variety of factors such as environmental conditions, plant growth regulators, nutrients, and genotype [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Plants with increased oil content and more seeds are developed through selective breeding [ 2 ].…”

“…Organic extracts are a hot topic in organic agriculture for improving growth performance and yield, modifying phytochemical content [ 12 , 13 ], inducing crop physiology and biochemistry such as photosynthetic rate, enhancing antioxidant machinery [ 7 , 14 ], and improving root system development [ 15 ], all of which improve nutrient uptake and enhance efficiency [ 16 ]. Fertilizers refer to any natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic components that are added to soil to provide one or more plant nutrients necessary for plant growth.…”

“…Nitrogen is a macro-element that plays an important function in plant development and growth [ 17 ]. Organic and biological sources of nitrogen are an important method for enhancing crop yields under organic farming practices [ 7 , 8 ] because N is required for maximum growth and optimal production. The free-floating fern Azolla filiculoides Lam.…”