Response of selected hormonal markers during training cycles on indian female swimmers

Majumdar, Pralay; Srividhya, S.; Mandal, Manish; Mi, Kalinski

doi:10.5604/20831862.906870

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cortisol levels decreased significantly during the preparation period, but increased before the competition, according to Hejazi and Hosseini's study (Hejazi and Hosseini, 2012). Cortisol levels are higher during the pre-competition period due to the release of anabolic and catabolic hormones (Majumdar et al, 2010). It has been discovered that the amount of cortisol released throughout the day varies, with the most release occurring in the morning hours and the amount not increasing significantly as the afternoon approaches (Kakooei et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of high-intensity interval training program on pituartry function in basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

Soslu,

Uysal,

Devrilmez

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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The aim of the study was to determine how the short high-interval training program affects cortisol levels in basketball players. A total of 27 male basketball players volunteered for the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control Group (CG) (n = 13, mean age; 20,56 ± 1,45 years, mean height; 184,53 ± 6,65 cm) and Experimental Group (EG) (n = 14, mean age; 20,71 ± 2,12 years, mean height; 86,51 ± 8,21 cm). The experimental group received a 7-week interval training program. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Triiodothyronine, Tetraiodothyronine, Parathyroid Hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Insulin, and Glucose levels were measured of the EG and CG. To test the differences between groups and compare the effects of pre and post-intervention, a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used. Consequently, the post-test levels of TSH, PTH, and ACTH in the exercise group showed a significant difference when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Moreover, the post-test levels of Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, and Mg in the exercise group showed statistical significance when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Significant differences were seen in the post-test PTH and ACTH levels of the control group when compared to the pre-test values (p = 0.000). Furthermore, the exercise group showed significant differences in post-test values for HDL and Cholesterol compared to the pre-test (p = 0.000). In addition, when comparing the post-test values and pre-test values of both the exercise group and the control group, it was found that all parameters, with the exception of Ca, exhibited substantial differences in favor of the exercise group. It may be claimed that the implementation of interval training has favorable outcomes on pituitary function parameters. Additionally, the regulation of energy consumption during exercise is favourably influenced, along with the reduction of physiological stress resulting from prolonged exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of high-intensity interval training program on pituartry function in basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

Soslu,

Uysal,

Devrilmez

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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“… Jacks et al (2002) found that only exercise of high intensity and long duration results in significant elevations of salivary cortisol. Majumdar and al. (2019) noticed that the cortisol fluctuates with the intensity and duration of the exercise as they found no significant difference in cortisol level in the plasma in swimmers being in the preparatory (base training period) and pre competitive phase, but a significantly higher increase between swimmers in the competitive phase compared to the preparatory phase ( Majumdar et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Majumdar and al. (2019) noticed that the cortisol fluctuates with the intensity and duration of the exercise as they found no significant difference in cortisol level in the plasma in swimmers being in the preparatory (base training period) and pre competitive phase, but a significantly higher increase between swimmers in the competitive phase compared to the preparatory phase ( Majumdar et al, 2019 ). Bruzda-Zwiech et al (2017) observed a decrease in salivary cortisol after basketball or volleyball training in young males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Swimming Training Session on Selected Saliva Components in Youth Swimmers

Grzesiak−Gasek

Kaczmarek

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Exercise may induce many changes in biochemical parameters of the saliva. Thanks to non-invasive access, saliva can be used as a diagnostic material in physical activity monitoring. The aim of the study was comparison of selected salivary components in swimmers before and after training session. 40 male subjects aged 12–15, out of whom 30 were competitive swimmers and 10 control were involved in the study. Salivary samples were collected from all subjects in the morning, and in the afternoon; from the swimmers, they were also collected before and after the workout. Salivary flow rate-V, pH, total protein-P, alpha-amylase-Amy, salivary peroxidase-SPO, cortisol-C, total antioxidant status-TAS, sialic acid (free-FSA, bound-GSA, total-TSA), calcium-Ca, magnesium-Mg were measured. The swimmers assessed the workout intensity of training session using the RPE Foster’s scale. The circadian rhythm pattern of some salivary components and differences after training were found. In swimmers after the morning exercise significant increase of P (0.83 ± 0.27 vs. 1.10 ± 0.58 g/L), Amy (64.91 ± 70.86 vs. 87.07 ± 92.46IU/L), Ca (3.83 ± 1.33 vs. 4.99 ± 2.24 mg/L), Mg (0.52 ± 0.32 vs. 0.73 ± 0.34 mg/L), TAS (0.64 ± 0.27 vs. 0.72 ± 0.26 mmol/L) and decrease V (0.47 ± 0.37 vs. 0.36 ± 0.22 mg/min), C (5.86 ± 5.00 vs. 3.54 ± 5.07 μg/ml) were found. After the afternoon training significant increase of pH (7.13 ± 0.33 vs. 7.27 ± 0.24), Amy (111.53 ± 120.13 vs. 130.91 ± 161.14IU/L), Ca (3.72 ± 1.34 vs. 4.61 ± 1.58 mg/L), Mg (0.48 ± 0.28 vs. 0.60 ± 0.39 mg/L), TSA (5.64 ± 3.78 vs. 6.10 ± 3.08 mg/L), GSA (3.00 ± 3.06 vs. 3.38 ± 2.26 mg/L), and decrease of V (0.63 ± 0.63 vs. 0.49 ± 0.39 ml/min) were noticed. Before training in the morning in the swimmers significantly higher of V (0.47 ± 0.37 vs. 0.26 ± 0.15 mg/min), TAS (0.64 ± 0.27 vs. 0.40 ± 0.16 mmol/L), and lower pH (7.01 ± 0.46 vs. 7.53 ± 0.33), P (0.83 ± 0.27 vs. 1.86 ± 1.28 g/L), Amy (64.91 ± 70.86 vs. 146.56 ± 114.45IU/L) compared to the control were found. In the afternoon in swimmers before training session significantly lower pH (7.13 ± 0.33 vs. 7.53 ± 0.49) and Amy (111.53 ± 120.13 vs. 170.98 ± 107.72IU/L) in comparison to the control were noticed. The RPE scores were negatively correlated with V (rho = −0.500, p = 0.05 and pH (rho = −0.382, p = 0.03) measured after the morning session and after the afternoon training with V (rho = −0.570, p = 0.01) and Ca (rho = −0.401, p = 0.08). The levels of salivary flow rate, alpha amylase, cortisol, calcium, magnesium were associated with swimming training session, and showed circadian variation without a significant effect on their responses to exercise.

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“…Dentre os estudos integrantes desta revisão, dois utilizaram amostras salivares e três utilizaram amostras sanguíneas. O estudo de Majumdar et al (12), observou uma temporada de treinamento da equipe nacional de nadadores de elite e concluiu que atletas com menores níveis de cortisol e níveis mais altos de testosterona e de razão T/C, apresentaram desempenho maior, diferença estatisticamente significativa.…”

Section: Hormonais: Cortisol E Testosteronaunclassified

Síndrome de overtraining – sintomas e prevenção: uma revisão sistemática

Macedo

Martins

2018

Rev Ed Física / J Phys Ed

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Introdução: O treinamento pode ser definido como um processo de aumento na carga de trabalho físico e períodos de descanso. Se esses períodos não forem aplicados adequadamente, os atletas podem desenvolver síndrome de excesso de treinamento (overtraining syndrome: OTS).Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da OTS, abordando os principais marcadores fisiológicos, os parâmetros psicológicos relacionados e identificar estratégias para a prevenção da síndrome.Métodos: Este estudo foi do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca foi realizada na base da dados do PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), que inclui MedLine e outras bases científicas, principal fonte de consulta científica na área das ciências da saúde. A linguagem utilizada foi o inglês e, para rastrear as publicações, foram utilizados os seguintes termos: “overtraining” and “markers”; “overtraining”and “psychological symptoms”; and “overtraining”and “heart rate”.Resultados e Discussão: Observou-se que, de um lado, alguns pesquisadores utilizaram apenas marcadores fisiológicos para tentar diagnosticar OTS. E, por outro lado, outros cientistas incluíram no diagnóstico da OTS também os sintomas de estresse psicológico e têm buscado instrumentos preditores de OTS para preveni-la. Há necessidade de melhor definição dos termos e conceitos para favorecer a comparabilidade entre os estudos.Conclusão: Sugere-se que os treinadores, incluam no planejamento e periodização do treinamento, avaliações dos marcadores bio-psico-fisiológicos em conjunto com os marcadores fisiológicos para identificar precocemente sintomas de fadiga aguda e de ultrapassagem dos limites físicos no treinamento (overreaching) buscando prevenir a OTS. Overtraining Syndrome – Symptoms and Prevention: a Systematic ReviewIntrodução: O treinamento pode ser definido como um processo de aumento na carga de trabalho físico e períodos de descanso. Se esses períodos não forem aplicados adequadamente, os atletas podem desenvolver síndrome de excesso de treinamento (overtraining syndrome: OTS).Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da OTS, abordando os principais marcadores fisiológicos, os parâmetros psicológicos relacionados e identificar estratégias para a prevenção da síndrome.Métodos: Este estudo foi do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca foi realizada na base da dados do PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), que inclui MedLine e outras bases científicas, principal fonte de consulta científica na área das ciências da saúde. A linguagem utilizada foi o inglês e, para rastrear as publicações, foram utilizados os seguintes termos: “overtraining” and “markers”; “overtraining”and “psychological symptoms”; and “overtraining”and “heart rate”.Resultados e Discussão: Observou-se que, de um lado, alguns pesquisadores utilizaram apenas marcadores fisiológicos para tentar diagnosticar OTS. E, por outro lado, outros cientistas incluíram no diagnóstico da OTS também os sintomas de estresse psicológico e têm buscado instrumentos preditores de OTS para preveni-la. Há necessidade de melhor definição dos termos e conceitos para favorecer a comparabilidade entre os estudos.Conclusão: Sugere-se que os treinadores, incluam no planejamento e periodização do treinamento, avaliações dos marcadores bio-psico-fisiológicos em conjunto com os marcadores fisiológicos para identificar precocemente sintomas de fadiga aguda e de ultrapassagem dos limites físicos no treinamento (overreaching) buscando prevenir a OTS.

show abstract

Response of selected hormonal markers during training cycles on indian female swimmers

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of high-intensity interval training program on pituartry function in basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of high-intensity interval training program on pituartry function in basketball players: a randomized controlled trial

Influence of Swimming Training Session on Selected Saliva Components in Youth Swimmers

Síndrome de overtraining – sintomas e prevenção: uma revisão sistemática

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