Response of soil water chemistry to experimental ‘clean rain’ in the NITREX roof experiment at Solling, Germany

Bredemeier, Michael; Blanck, Kai; Lamersdorf, Norbert; Wiedey, G. A.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(94)06082-t

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Annual NO 3 -N deposition only declined significantly at Langtjern in Norway; so it is conceivable that the extremely small decrease in stream NO 3 -N at this site is related to declining atmospheric NO 3 -N input. Covered roof experiments have shown that streams can respond to declining inorganic N deposition very rapidly, within just a few years (Bredmeier et al, 1995;Moldan et al, 2004;Wright and Jenkins, 2001). Similarly, NO 3 -N concentrations in runoff decreased in response to large reductions in inorganic N deposition over a period of a decade in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra mountains .…”

Section: Trends In Runoffmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sulphate, Nitrogen and Base Cation Budgets at 21 Forested Catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe

Watmough

Aherne

Alewell

et al. 2005

Environ Monit Assess

180

127

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To assess the concern over declining base cation levels in forest soils caused by acid deposition, input-output budgets (1990s average) for sulphate (SO(4)), inorganic nitrogen (NO(3)-N; NH(4)-N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were synthesised for 21 forested catchments from 17 regions in Canada, the United States and Europe. Trend analysis was conducted on monthly ion concentrations in deposition and runoff when more than 9 years of data were available (14 regions, 17 sites). Annual average SO(4) deposition during the 1990s ranged between 7.3 and 28.4 kg ha(-1) per year, and inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition was between 2.8 and 13.8 kg ha(-1) per year, of which 41-67% was nitrate (NO(3)-N). Over the period of record, SO(4) concentration in deposition decreased in 13/14 (13 out of 14 total) regions and SO(4) in runoff decreased at 14/17 catchments. In contrast, NO(3)-N concentrations in deposition decreased in only 1/14 regions, while NH(4)-N concentration patterns varied; increasing at 3/14 regions and decreasing at 2/14 regions. Nitrate concentrations in runoff decreased at 4/17 catchments and increased at only 1 site, whereas runoff levels of NH(4)-N increased at 5/17 catchments. Decreasing trends in deposition were also recorded for Ca, Mg, and K at many of the catchments and on an equivalent basis, accounted for up to 131% (median 22%) of the decrease in acid anion deposition. Base cation concentrations in streams generally declined over time, with significant decreases in Ca, Mg and K occurring at 8, 9 and 7 of 17 sites respectively, which accounted for up to 133% (median 48%) of the decrease in acid anion concentration. Sulphate export exceeded input at 18/21 catchments, likely due to dry deposition and/or internal sources. The majority of N in deposition (31-100%; median 94%) was retained in the catchments, although there was a tendency for greater NO(3)-N leaching at sites receiving higher (<7 kg ha(-1) per year) bulk inorganic N deposition. Mass balance calculations show that export of Ca and Mg in runoff exceeds input at all 21 catchments, but K export only exceeds input at 16/21 sites. Estimates of base cation weathering were available for 18 sites. When included in the mass balance calculation, Ca, Mg and K exports exceeded inputs at 14, 10 and 2 sites respectively. Annual Ca and Mg losses represent appreciable proportions of the current exchangeable soil Ca and Mg pools, although losses at some of the sites likely occur from weathering reactions beneath the rooting zone and there is considerable uncertainty associated with mineral weathering estimates. Critical loads for sulphur (S) and N, using a critical base cation to aluminium ratio of 10 in soil solution, are currently exceeded at 7 of the 18 sites with base cation weathering estimates. Despite reductions in SO(4) and H(+) deposition, mass balance estimates indicate that acid deposition continues to acidify soils in many regions with losses of Ca and Mg of primary concern.

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Section: Trends In Runoffmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sulphate, Nitrogen and Base Cation Budgets at 21 Forested Catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe

Watmough

Aherne

Alewell

et al. 2005

Environ Monit Assess

180

127

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“…The forest stand was thinned to about 845 trees ha -1 in 1990 (Dohrenbusch et al 1993). Ground vegetation is absent, due to high canopy density, thick organic layer and soil acidity (Bredemeier et al 1995).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of atmospheric nitrogen under long-term reduced atmospheric deposition conditions in a Norway spruce forest ecosystem

Zhang¹

2010

Göttinger Forstwissenschaften

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“…Fine roots are primarily concentrated in the forest floor. A detailed description of the sites was given by Bredemeier et al (1993Bredemeier et al ( , 1995Bredemeier et al ( , 1998, Blanck et al (1993), Murach et al (1993), Murach and Parth (1999) and Lamersdorf and Borken (2004).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of the roof project indicate a cascade of reactions after long-term application of "clean rain", starting with a fast and strong reduction of the sulphate, nitrate and aluminium concentration in the soil solution of the upper soil horizons (Bredemeier et al 1995;Lamersdorf et al 1999) and a recovery of the fine root growth (fine root biomass and deep rooting) (Murach, Parth 1999;Lamersdorf, Borken 2004). Simultaneously the needle nitrogen concentration decreased, and thus an increase in the C/N ratio of litter material was initiated (Dohrenbusch et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of experimentation was conducted in the Solling roof experiment, Germany, where clean rain manipulation experiments have been performed by means of a roof construction in a 74-years-old (2007) Norway spruce plantation forest since 1991. The goal of this roof experiment is to test how this ecosystem would react to a strong input reduction of N, S and acidity (Bredemeier et al , 1995.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural abundance of 15N of a spruce forest ecosystem under acid rain and manipulated clean rain field conditions

Sah¹,

Brumme²,

Lamersdorf³

2008

J. For. Sci.

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We analysed stable isotopes of N in a spruce forest under ambient rainfall (no further manipulation of the atmospheric input) and clean rain application (10 years of reduced inorganic N- and acid-constituent input). The objectives of the study were to assess whether or not the natural 15N abundance would function as an indicator for the N-status of our forest ecosystems. For this purpose, natural 15N abundance values were measured in needles, litter fall, roots, soil, bulk precipitation, throughfall and soil water of both plots. In the bulk precipitation and throughfall the δ15N values of NO3-N were in the range reported by other studies (–16 to + 23‰). In both plots, the throughfall was greatly depleted of 15N compared to the bulk precipitation and this was attributed to nitrification in the canopy leaves, leading to δ15N-depleted nitrate production in the leaves that leaches down the soil surface. Nitrate in seepage water showed a general increase in δ15N values when it passes through the upper mineral soil (10 cm soil depth) and infiltrates into deeper mineral soil horizons (100 cm soil depth), similar to the δ15N enrichment of total nitrogen in the mineral soil. We observed 15N depletion in both green needles and litter fall at the clean rain plot, compared to the N-saturated control plot. We assumed it to be due to increased mycorrhizal N-uptake under N limited, i.e. clean rain conditions which are indicated by relatively lower N concentrations of green needles. With respect to the vertical gradient of the 15N abundance in the forest floor, both plots differ from each other, showing an untypical peak of δ15N depletion in the humus layer, which is more pronounced at the control plot. In contrast to the mineral soil where mineralisation is a dominant process for fractionation we attribute the δ15N pattern in the forest floor to additional processes like litter input and immobilisation. We conclude that the δ15N natural abundance analysis is helpful for interpreting the N-status of forest ecosystems but further research is needed especially with respect to the soil-root interface.

show abstract

Response of soil water chemistry to experimental ‘clean rain’ in the NITREX roof experiment at Solling, Germany

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Sulphate, Nitrogen and Base Cation Budgets at 21 Forested Catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe

Sulphate, Nitrogen and Base Cation Budgets at 21 Forested Catchments in Canada, the United States and Europe

Partitioning of atmospheric nitrogen under long-term reduced atmospheric deposition conditions in a Norway spruce forest ecosystem

Natural abundance of <sup>15</sup>N of a spruce forest ecosystem under acid rain and manipulated clean rain field conditions

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