Response of Some Agronomic, Physiological and Anatomical characters for Some Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Water Deficit in North Delta Region

Abstract

Two field experiments were performed on Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm during 2017/18 and 2018/19 growing seasons, to study the agronomic, physiological, and anatomical response of eleven bread wheat cultivar and lines for two irrigation regimes levels (i.e., five irrigations, (recommended as control) and only one irrigation after 21 days planting (water stress)). Results showed that the agronomic (i.e., number of days to maturity, plant height, grain yield and its components), physiological (i.e., relative water content, and chlorophyll a & b) and anatomocal estimates (i.e., thickness of leaf lamina, cuticle layer, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, mesophyll tissue, midrib, main vascular bundle dimension (length and width), collenchyma tissue, xylem tissue, phloem tissue and bulliform cells) were decreased under water stress conditions, except for proline and leaf temperature. Line 1, Line 2, Sids 14, Giza 171 and Sakha 95 were the most tolerant genotypes and may be suitable for water shortage conditions. High values of relative water content , chlorophyll and proline contents, low values of flag leaf temperature, in addition to the lowest reduction in leaf anatomical characters may be useful selection criteria for water stress tolerance in bread wheat.

Evaluation of some bread wheat genotypes for grain yield and its components under water stress conditions.

“…The highest values in the second season for all studied traits Table (3) can be attributed to the rise in temperature of the first season compared to the second season Table (1). Similar results were obtained by Farhat et al, (2021) and Shehab-Eldeen and Farhat, (2020).…”

“…The highly significant among seasons, water treatments and genotypes indicates that the two seasons and two water treatments behaved differently and detected sufficient genetic variability among the studied genotypes. Similar results were found by Farhat et al, (2021). The highest values in the second season for all studied traits Table (3) can be attributed to the rise in temperature of the first season compared to the second season Table (1).…”

“…These results coincide with the findings of Abd El-Rady, (2016); GabAlla et al, (2019) and Shehab-Eldeen and Farhat (2020). Reduce irrigation numbers significantly decreased number of spikes m -2 , number of kernels spike -1 , 1000-kernel weight and grain yield of wheat (Farhat, 2015;Abd El-Rady, 2017, Abd El-Rady et al, 2020and Farhat et al, 2021. The reduction in kernels number under the water deficit may be due to premature abortion of florets (Dolferus et al, 2013) and male and female sterility (Onyemaobi et al, 2017).…”

“…In addition, global climate change is increasing the severity of water stress (Fang and Xiong, 2015;Senapati et al, 2019). The water deficit stress has been reported in number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, number of spikes m -2 , number of grains spike -1 and 1000-kernel weight, and grain yield in wheat (Farhat, 2015;Hamza et al,2018;Seleiman and Abdel-Aal, 2018;Abd El-Kreemet al,2019;Henianet al,2020;Shehab-Eldeen and Farhat, 2020;Farhat et al,2021;Mahdavi, et al2022). So, reducing the amount of water utilized for irrigation will help to solve this problem and will maximize the benefits from the available irrigation water.…”

“…Several stress indices have been proposed to screen genotypes for water stress tolerance. The stress susceptibility index (Fischer and Maurer, 1978) is commonly used in earlier studies to detect tolerant genotypes for water stress (Abd El Kreem et al,2019;Henian et al,2020;Shehab-Eldeen;Farhat, 2020;Farhat et al,2021). Multi environments trials (MET) help estimate G x E interaction and accordingly select the most stable genotype/s with the lowest G x E interaction.…”