Response of some Bread Wheat Genotypes to Less Irrigation Water

Abstract

This study was performed at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons under normal (five irrigation) and reduced irrigation (only one irrigation after planting one) regimes. Eighteen bread wheat genotypes were used to study the agronomic and morphophysiological characters and tolerance indices to distinguish wheat high yielding genotypes under reduced irrigation. The used genotypes were evaluated using randomized complete block design. The results revealed that reduced irrigation caused noticeable reduction in earliness, yield and yield components, harvest index and morpho-physiological in both growing seasons except 1000 kernels weight. Lines 3, 4 and 5 were the earliest ones for earliness characters and could be used in breeding program for earliness. It is obvious that lines 1 and 9 recorded the maximum values for most studied characters, especially, grain yield. Lines 1, 4, 6, 9, 10 and cultivar Misr 1, Giza 171 and shandweel1 had the highest relative water content and rate of water loss in both seasons. Also, Line 1 and Line 9 recorded the highest values for water use efficiency. Based on drought tolerance indices of mean productivity, geometric mean of productivity, stress tolerance index, yield index, harmonic mean and modified stress tolerance index, Line 1 and Line 9 were identified as suitable genotypes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza 171, Lines 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 were moderate for drought tolerance index and the others wheat genotypes were sensitive for water deficit.

Eeffect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels and Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Yield Components of Some Wheat Cultivars

“…The variation among wheat genotypes in number of spikes/m 2 could be attributing to genetic variation (Table 2). These results are in harmony with those reported by Salem, (2005) found significant differences among eight bread wheat varieties in number of spikes/m 2 , Khalil et al, (2006), Gab Alla (2007, Abd El-Rahman (2008) and Abdel-Nour and Fatheh (2011) confirmed similar obtained results. Data presented in Table (4) indicated that, the genotype; Gemmeiza 11 recorded the highest values for number of grains/spike, biological yield, and straw yield.…”

Yield Productivity of Sixteen Egyptian Bread Wheat Varieties Grown under Middle Egypt and West West El-Minya Conditions

“…In this context, there are many stress tolerance indices were developed such as mean productivity, (Rosielle and Hamblin, 1981), geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index (Fernandez, 1992), and harmonic mean (Jafari et al, 2009) that were used in the current investigation. Singh et al (2015, a and b), Ali and El-Sadek (2016), Darwish et al (2017) andGab Alla et al (2019) on bread wheat, and Mohammadi (2016) on durum wheat, reported highly significant associations among some stress tolerance indices indicating that these indices are similar for ranking stress tolerant genotypes which allows to use only one of them.…”

“…In this respect, the Egyptian government has established giant agricultural projects to cultivate vast areas in the Western Desert. To achieve this goal, wheat researchers made an exceptional effort to carry out a large number of field experiments for evaluating wheat genotypes under environments suffering from abiotic stresses (El Ameen, 2012; Darwish et al, 2017;Gadallah et al, 2017;Noreldin and Mahmoud, 2017;Gab Alla et al, 2019;Hagras and Moustafa, 2019;Mohiy et al, 2021;Darwish et al, 2022;Ibrahim and Said, 2020;Sayed et al, 2022 andElfanah et al, 2023). These researches have resulted in the development of wheat varieties that can be grown in unfavorable environments as well as in the new reclaimed lands.…”

“…Genotype x trait (GT) biplot summarized the interrelationships among some genotypes in term of their measured traits that facilitates the identification of elite genotypes for grain yield and its related traits (Yan and Rajcan, 2002;Yan and Tinker, 2005and Yan, 2014). Gab Alla et al (2018 reported that the results obtained by GT biplot graphs were coincided with those obtained by correlation matrix and cluster analysis indicating that GT biplot graph may be simplified and effective technique instead of these analyses.…”