Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to digestible protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States

Rawles, Steven D.; Green, Bartholomew W.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Barrows, Frederic T.; McEntire, Matthew E.; Freeman, Donald W.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.033

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Feed mills, on the other hand, tend to use ingredient composition and availability matrices developed over the long-term, rather than individual batch data, to formulate commercial diets. Additionally, one of the putative advantages of using ideal protein theory for feed formulation is the ability to formulate to reliable amino acid targets when different intact protein levels are desired for different production goals (Rawles et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2016

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A feeding trial was conducted in a closed recirculating aquaculture system with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles (mean weight, 6.81 g) to examine the response to a practical diet containing protein primarily from menhaden fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) (control, Diet 1) or to diets with decreasing ratios of PBM to SBM (Diets 2-7; dose-response) as a total replacement for digestible protein from FM, and the efficacy of 1% supplemental taurine (Tau) at the highest level of plant protein inclusion by removing Tau (Diet 8). To the extent possible, the replacement diets were formulated using currently published amino acid availabilities for the ingredients of interest in order to estimate and supplement the first two limiting amino acids (Met and Lys) to match levels in the FM control diet. The test diets were formulated to contain 35% digestible protein. Fish were fed three times daily all they would consume in 30 min. All performance measures were quadratic with respect to PBM: SBM ratio in the diet. The highest weight gain, lowest average daily feed intake, lowest feed conversion, 52 and greatest specific growth rate coincided with a dietary PBM:SBM ratio of 1.22 to 1.35 53 suggesting the best tilapia performance in the current trial was achieved with replacement formula D3 that contained approximately 20% SBM, 30% PBM, and supplemental Lys, Met, and 55 Tau. However, all growth performance measures were significantly linear and decreased with respect to increasing distance from the ideal protein amino acid profile for tilapia. Positive 57 effects of taurine supplementation at the highest level of dietary plant protein inclusion were 58 not observed and may have been overwhelmed by imbalances in other amino acids in the test 59 diets. The current results provide evidence that total deviation from the ideal protein profile in 60 tilapia is an important consideration for diet formulation when combinations of diet ingredients 3 of 39 are used. Hence, the essential amino acid content of a fish meal control diet may be an inadequate target for optimizing fish meal replacement diets for tilapia; whereas the whole body or muscle amino acid pattern may be a more useful formulation target. Finally, while the database of ingredients that have been evaluated in tilapia is growing, the industry will benefit 65 from more efficient diets as long-term averages of amino acid composition and digestibility accrue for a variety of traditional and novel ingredients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2016

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“…The development of an improved white bass broodstock program is a relatively new venture, with evaluation of broodstock beginning in the 2000s [31,32]. Considerable effort has been spent on the development of production growout diets for the hybrid progeny of white bass [33][34][35] though only a few studies [25,26,36], have directly evaluated the impact of diet or oil source on the reproductive potential of white bass. Therefore, this study, as well as these few previous studies in white bass, can inform the development of a white bass broodstock diet, and ultimately aid in the further development of the new selectively improved broodstock program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Bass (Morone chrysops) Preferentially Retain n‐3 PUFA in Ova When Fed Prepared Diets with Varying FA Content

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et al. 2017

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We evaluated the fatty acid (FA) composition of broodstock white bass ova fed one of six commercial diets with increasing polyunsaturated FA content (n-6/n-3 ratio; 0.36, 0.39, 0.46, 0.83, 1.07, 1.12) eight weeks prior to sampling. Fatty acid profiles of ova from brooders fed each of the six diets were significantly altered according to canonical discriminant analysis. Ova FA profiles resulting from the 0.39 diet separated those from the 0.36 diet based on lower 18:2n-6 (LNA) and higher 20:1n-9 concentrations from the 0.36 diet. Ova profiles were further separated based on lower concentrations of 22:5n-3 (DPA) from the 0.46 diet, lower concentrations of 20:5n-3 (EPA) in the 1.12 and 0.83 diets, and lower concentrations of 22:6n-3 (DHA) in all other diets relative to the 0.46 diet. Changes in ova FA profile at four and eight weeks were consistent with dietary intake with an approximate 2% increase in any given FA class with increasing time on individual diet. There was no correlation between dietary ARA concentrations (0.7-1.1 mol%), or dietary EPA/ARA ratios (7-15), and the concentrations (1.4-1.7 mol%) or ratios (3.3-4.4) found in the ova by diet. Our results suggest that white bass females have the ability to preferentially incorporate n-3 PUFA, particularly DHA, suggesting mobilization of this FA from other tissues for ova deposition or preferential dietary incorporation of PUFA into ova. These results will add to the limited FA information available in white bass and enable nutritionists to formulate broodstock diets that maximize reproductive potential in this species.

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“…Each replicate tank of fish was randomly assigned an individually weighed bucket of feed with appropriate diet in order to calculate daily intake. Fish were fed to satiation once daily from 1000 to 1200 h and feed intake was determined as previously described (Rawles et al, 2012). Fish were individually weighed at four week intervals after withholding feed on the morning of weighing in order to periodically monitor sufficiency of satiation feeding and to estimate feed efficiency at different growth stanzas.…”

Section: Fish Culture System and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysine optimization of a commercial fishmeal-free diet for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis)

et al. 2013

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Substitution of fishmeal with alternate proteins in aquafeeds often results in dietary imbalances of first-limiting essential amino acids (EAA) and poorer fish performance. This growth trial was undertaken to test the hypothesis that ideal protein theory accurately predicts first-limiting amino acids and optimum lysine level for a fishmeal-free, commercial-grade diet formulated for hybrid striped bass (HSB). The ideal model for formulation was the amino acid pattern of hybrid striped bass muscle. A negative control diet based on soybean (45%), corn gluten (10%), and poultry by-product (13%) meals was formulated on an ideal basis to contain 18% lipid, 40% crude protein (CP), 36% digestible protein (DP) and 1.8% Lys from intact sources. Met and Thr were then added at levels equivalent to 40% protein from HSB muscle to form a basal diet that was fortified with seven levels of Lys (2.2 to 6.4 g/g diet) that bracketed the predicted ideal Lys requirement (3.5 g/g diet) for this formulation. Diets were extruded to achieve similar characteristics as a commercial-grade feed and fed to juvenile fish (118 g BW) for 84 d. Response data were subjected to polynomial and exponential regression and the best model per response selected based on the lowest error (MSE) and p-values and the highest adjusted R 2. Selected models were used to derive dietary Lys levels required to reach 95% (R95) or 99% (R99) of the minimum or maximum response. Final fish weights (328-369 g) increased linearly with increasing dietary Lys. Weight gain, average daily feed intake (1.42-1.7%), and feed efficiencies at 4-, 8-, and 12-week intervals were modeled by cubic functions that yielded consistent R95 and R99 levels of about 2.4 and 4.3 g Lys/g diet, respectively. These values evenly bracketed the predicted ideal Lys requirement. Slightly higher Lys requirement was found for optimum FE at 4 weeks and smaller fish, as opposed to 8 or 12 weeks and larger fish. Whole body composition was unresponsive to diet Lys level; however, higher dietary Lys was required to minimize liver size (4.8 to 5.2 g Lys/g diet) than to minimize body fat (2.5 to 3.1 g Lys/g diet) or maximize muscle ratio (1.8 to 3.9 g Lys/g diet). Whole body protein, lipid, energy, and EAA retentions were also consistent with cubic functions that generally confirmed the predicted ideal Lys requirement with notable exceptions. Retention of Lys decreased exponentially with increasing dietary Lys, whereas, Met retention decreased in a linear fashion, corroborating that Met was first-limiting in this diet formula, as predicted. Retention of Thr and branched-chain amino acids were optimized at higher Lys levels (3.9-4.5 g/g diet) than those required to maximize growth parameters. Protein accretion (g/fish/d) responded quadratically to Lys intake predicting maximum deposition at 0.10 to 0.16 g Lys/fish/d. Histological assessment of intestines in fish fed these high-soybean meal test diets did not reveal any lesions associated with enteritis for any diet and overall normal intestinal morphology was ...

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Response of sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) to digestible protein/ dietary lipid density and ration size at summer culture temperatures in the Southern United States

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Optimizing fish meal-free commercial diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

White Bass (Morone chrysops) Preferentially Retain n‐3 PUFA in Ova When Fed Prepared Diets with Varying FA Content

Lysine optimization of a commercial fishmeal-free diet for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis)

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