Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA

Burns, Douglas A.; McHale, Michael R.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Roy, Karen M.

doi:10.1002/hyp.5961

Cited by 76 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this procedure has only been used by Burns et al [55], after hyperbolic or log regression fit of the data. Other authors mention the use of the partial MK test with discharge or other parameters as covariates [24,40].…”

Section: Trend Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Trends of Organic Carbon Concentrations in Freshwaters: Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Evidence

Filella

Rodríguez-Murillo

2014

Water

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Many articles published in the last few years start with the assumption that the past decades have seen an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the rivers and lakes of the Northern Hemisphere. This study analyses whether the existing evidence supports this claim. With this aim, we have collected published studies where long series of organic carbon concentrations (i.e., longer than 10 years) were analyzed for existing trends and have carefully evaluated the 63 articles found. Information has been collated in a comprehensive and comparable way, allowing readers to easily access it. The two main aspects considered in our analysis have been the analytical methods used and the data treatment methods applied. Both are sensitive issues because, on the one hand, the difficulties associated with correctly determining organic carbon concentrations in surface waters are well known, while, on the other, dealing with real environmental data (i.e., lack of normality, censoring, missing values, etc.) is an extremely intricate matter. Other issues such as data reporting and the geographical location of the systems studied are also discussed. In conclusion, it is clear that organic carbon concentrations have increased in some surface waters in the Northern Hemisphere since the 1990s. However, due to a lack of data in many parts of the world, it is not known whether this phenomenon is general and, more importantly, in the areas for which such data do exist, the reporting and methodological problems in the published studies prevent any conclusion on the existence of a general temporal behavior of organic carbon from being drawn.

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Section: Trend Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Trends of Organic Carbon Concentrations in Freshwaters: Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Evidence

Filella

Rodríguez-Murillo

2014

Water

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“…Directional trees corresponding to drainage network structure (i.e., channel width) have been used to modify the geostatistical framework (Monestiez et al, 2005;Bailly et al, 2006). Chokmani and Ouarda (2004) used a physiographical space-based kriging method incorporating physiographical and meteorological characteristics of stream gauging stations with multivariate analysis techniques to modify in-stream distance. Still, applying geostatistical techniques to stream networks is a relatively new field of research and the limited findings to date do not clearly indicate which distance measure to use .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating landscape characteristics in a distance metric for interpolating between observations of stream water chemistry

Lyon

Seibert

Lembo

et al. 2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Spatial patterns of water chemistry along stream networks can be quantified using synoptic or "snapshot" sampling. The basic idea is to sample stream water at many points over a relatively short period of time. Even for intense sampling campaigns, the number of sample points is limited and interpolation methods, like kriging, are commonly used to produce continuous maps of water chemistry based on the point observations from the synoptic sampling. Interpolated concentrations are influenced heavily by how distance between points along the stream network is defined. In this study, we investigate different ways to define distance and test these based on data from a snapshot sampling campaign in a 37-km 2 watershed in the Catskill Mountains region (New York State). Three distance definitions (or metrics) were compared: Euclidean or straight-line distance, in-stream distance, and in-stream distance adjusted according characteristics of the local contributing area, i.e., an adjusted in-stream distance. Using the adjusted distance metric resulted in a lower cross-validation error of the interpolated concentrations, i.e., a better agreement of kriging results with measurements, than the other distance definitions. The adjusted distance metric can also be used in an exploratory manner to test which landscape characteristics are most influential for the spatial patterns of stream water chemistry and, thus, to target future investigations to gain process-based understanding of in-stream chemistry dynamics.

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“…By contrast, reported long-term trends in nitrate are positive, neutral and negative although decreases in nitrate appear to be more frequent than increases. Declines in nitrate and lack of trends in nitrate have been observed in stream water and lakes in New York state in USA during the 1980-2000 (Burns et al, 2006), declines were found in reservoirs and stream waters the Erzgebirge in southeast Germany in 1993(Ulrich et al, 2006, in stream waters in forest catchments in the Czech Republic Figure 4 Monthly means of observed and predicted nitrate concentrations in four catchments. Predictions based on models presented in Table 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Italian Alps, significant increases in stream water nitrate were found in old-growth forests catchments in relatively high N deposition areas ). The factors used to explain the observed trends in the studies mentioned above include enhanced growth of forests that were previously negatively impacted by acid deposition (Ulrich et al, 2006;Vesely et al, 2002), trends in N deposition and decreased soil capacity to retain deposited N (Kopacek et al, 2005;Burns et al, 2006;Rogora et al, 2001). Forests at the sites in our study have not shown signs of growth deterrence by acid deposition and are presently not growing faster than previously (Solberg et al, 2004) while N deposition in the sites has not changed significantly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there are no compelling data that show a widespread N saturation of catchments in high N deposition areas in North America (Campbell et al, 2004) and Europe (MacDonald et al, 2002) although relations between N deposition, soil N enrichment and N leaching have been found (MacDonald et al, 2002). Often, trends in nitrate in surface waters are explained by changes in N deposition (Burns et al, 2006), forest regrowth (Ulrich et al, 2006;Vesely et al, 2002) and N saturation . In depth analyses of time trends in surface water nitrate in undisturbed catchments in relation to climate variation are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

Wit

Hindar

Hole

2008

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Controls of stream water NO 3 in mountainous and forested catchments are not thoroughly understood. Longterm trends in stream water NO 3 are positive, neutral and negative, often apparently independent of trends in N deposition. Here, time series of NO 3 in four small acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway were analysed in order to identify likely drivers of long-term changes in NO 3 . In two sites, stream water NO 3 export declined ca 50% over a period of 25 years while in the other sites NO 3 export increased with roughly 20%. Discharge and N deposition alone were poor predictors of these trends. The most distinct trends in NO 3 were found in winter and spring. Empirical models explained between 45% and 61% of the variation in weekly concentrations of NO 3 , and described both upward and downward seasonal trends tolerably well. Key explaining variables were snow depth, discharge, temperature and N deposition. All catchments showed reductions in snow depth and increases in winter discharge. In two inland catchments, located in moderate N deposition areas, these climatic changes appeared to drive the distinct decreases in winter and spring concentrations and fluxes of NO 3 . In a coast-near mountainous catchment in a low N deposition area, these climatic changes appeared to have the opposite effect, i.e. lead to increases in especially winter NO 3 . This suggests that the effect of a reduced snow pack may result in both decreased and increased catchment N leaching depending on interactions with N deposition, soil temperature regime and winter discharge.

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Response of surface water chemistry to reduced levels of acid precipitation: comparison of trends in two regions of New York, USA

Cited by 76 publications

References 60 publications

Long-term Trends of Organic Carbon Concentrations in Freshwaters: Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Evidence

Long-term Trends of Organic Carbon Concentrations in Freshwaters: Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Evidence

Incorporating landscape characteristics in a distance metric for interpolating between observations of stream water chemistry

Winter climate affects long-term trends in stream water nitrate in acid-sensitive catchments in southern Norway

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