Response of the Greenhouse Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and the Vegetable Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) to Photospectra1

Lutzomyiaspp. (Diptera: Psychodidae) Response to Olfactory Attractant- and Light Emitting Diode-Modified Mosquito Magnet X (MM-X) Traps

“…The authors further suggested that whiteßies would orient toward sky at short wavelengths but would tend to land on plants at longer wavelengths (500 Ð 600 nm) because plants reßect maximally at longer wavelengths (520 Ð 600 nm). This is supported by Affeldt et al (1983) who captured maximum T. vaporariorum on traps reßecting 500 Ð 600 nm and observed inhibited landing at 400Ð490 nm. It is interesting that color is the only factor that inßuences whiteßy landings on plant and nonplant surfaces van Lantern 1976, van Lantern andWoets 1977).…”

Biology of Liriomyza

“…Studies have confIrmed that yellow is more attractive to adults than other colors (105),. and that high reflectance through the yellow part of the spectrum increases catch (1,11). Trap location with respect to the crop influences the number and species of flies captured (12,123).…”

Host plant adaptation in the glasshouse whitefly

“…The pre-alighting phase of this is not mediated by leaf shape, structure or odours (Woets and van Lenteren, 1977) reflected light from plant leaves being the sole influencing factor (Vaishampajan et al, 1975 andAffeldt et al, 1983). Post-alightive preference is affected by host plant quality (Noldus et al, 1986b), which the whitefly determines by probing the leaf apoplast .…”