Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite

Ingram, Timothy A.

doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81678-x

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is in accordance with the literature on first aid measures taken in cases of eye injuries or conjunctivitis (Ingram 1990, Sims et al 1993. This is in accordance with the literature on first aid measures taken in cases of eye injuries or conjunctivitis (Ingram 1990, Sims et al 1993.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey

Zarra

Lambrianidis

2013

Int Endodontic J

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey

Zarra

Lambrianidis

2013

Int Endodontic J

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“…Remove all contaminated clothing from the victim, making sure you do not contaminate yourself in the process. In case of exposure to an acid or alkali on the skin 196 -202 or eye, [203][204][205][206][207][208] immediately irrigate the affected area with copious amounts of water (Class I, LOE B).…”

Section: Chemical Burnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part 17: First Aid

Markenson¹,

Ferguson²,

Chameides³

et al. 2010

Circulation

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“…9 These disturbing in vitro results had actually been observed in actual accidents that occurred to the eye and skin in patients undergoing root canal treatment. 10,11 In addition, very low concentrations of NaOCl (>0.01%) were found to be lethal to human fibroblasts in in vitro cell cultures. 12 Injection of NaOCl into canine femurs ex vivo also resulted in compromising the integrity of cancellous bone and degradation of its collagen organic matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents involving facial ecchymosis—A review

Zhu

Gyamfi

Niu

et al. 2013

Journal of Dentistry

113

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Objectives Root canal treatment forms an essential part of general dental practice. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics due to its ability to dissolve organic soft tissues in the root canal system and its action as a potent antimicrobial agent. Although NaOCl accidents created by extrusion of the irrigant through root apices are relatively rare and are seldom life-threatening, they do create substantial morbidity when they occur. Methods To date, NaOCl accidents have only been published as isolated case reports. Although previous studies have attempted to summarise the symptoms involved in these case reports, there was no endeavor to analyse the distribution of soft tissue distribution in those reports. In this review, the anatomy of a classical NaOCl accident that involves facial swelling and ecchymosis is discussed. Results By summarising the facial manifestations presented in previous case reports, a novel hypothesis that involves intravenous infusion of extruded NaOCl into the facial vein via non-collapsible venous sinusoids within the cancellous bone is presented. Conclusions Understanding the mechanism involved in precipitating a classic NaOCl accident will enable the profession to make the best decision regarding the choice of irrigant delivery techniques in root canal débridement, and for manufacturers to design and improve their irrigation systems to achieve maximum safety and efficient cleanliness of the root canal system.

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Response of the human eye to accidental exposure to sodium hypochlorite

Cited by 55 publications

References 11 publications

Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey

Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey

Part 17: First Aid

Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents involving facial ecchymosis—A review

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