Response of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to Stress in the Absence and Presence of Ethanol in Subjects at High and Low Risk of Alcoholism,

Dai, Xing

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00308-1

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our findings showing that cortisol responses were higher in Caucasian FHP subjects than in Caucasian FHN subjects are consistent with theories that greater reactivity to stress is associated with greater risks for alcoholism (Higley et al, 1991;Fahlke et al, 2000). To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have specifically examined the relationship of HPA axis hormonal responses to psychological stress with family history of alcoholism (Dai et al, 2002;Zimmermann et al, 2004). Our observations are in agreement with those of Zimmermann et al (2004), who demonstrated that FHP Caucasian males had higher cortisol and ACTH responses to the TSST compared to FHN Caucasian males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our observations are in agreement with those of Zimmermann et al (2004), who demonstrated that FHP Caucasian males had higher cortisol and ACTH responses to the TSST compared to FHN Caucasian males. However, Dai et al (2002) reported different findings, with lower stress-induced increase in ACTH in FHP than FHN, and no differences in cortisol response as a function of family history of alcoholism. Differences in family history classification, characteristics of the stressor, and racial composition might explain the discrepancy between studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, differences in HPA-axis dynamics as a function of family history of alcoholism have been found by stimulating the HPA axis with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (Wand et al, 1998(Wand et al, , 1999a(Wand et al, , b, 2001Hernandez-Avila et al, 2002) and CRH . More recently, hormonal responses to activation of the HPA axis by psychological stressors have been reported to differ in subjects at high and low risk of alcoholism (Dai et al, 2002;Zimmermann et al, 2004). However, results have been contradictory and the nature of these associations remains inconclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Uhart

Oswald

McCaul

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The present study was designed to determine whether stress hormones and subjective responses to a psychological stressor were different in nonalcoholic offspring from families with a history of alcohol dependence (family history positive, FHP) than in nonalcoholic offspring without a family history of alcohol dependence (family history negative, FHN). Forty-five healthy subjects (17 FHP, 28 FHN), between the ages of 18 and 29 years, completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The TSST consisted of 5 min of public speaking followed by 5 min of mental arithmetic. Three baseline and five post-TSST blood samples were drawn. Pre-and post-TSST self-report measures of anxiety were obtained. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and prolactin significantly increased in response to the TSST in the entire study sample (F (1,187) ¼ 70.22, po0.001, F (1,143) ¼ 33, po0.001, and F (1,134) ¼ 14.37, po0.001, respectively). Cortisol responses were influenced by an interaction between racial composition and family history of alcoholism (F (1,57) ¼ 4.50, p ¼ 0.038). Among Caucasian subjects, FHP subjects had greater cortisol response to the TSST compared to FHN subjects (F (1,57) ¼ 4.45, p ¼ 0.039). No family history effect was identified in African-American subjects. Adrenocorticotropin responses did not differ between FHP and FHN subjects. Adrenocorticotropin response was positively associated with baseline ACTH levels in FHN subjects (t ¼ 5.02, p ¼ o0.001), but not in FHP subjects. Prolactin responses did not differ between FHP and FHN subjects. Anxiety response scores (post-TSST scores minus pre-TSST scores) were higher in FHP subjects compared with FHN subjects (z ¼ À2.67, p ¼ 0.007). In addition, anxiety response scores were positively associated with cortisol response levels to the TSST in FHN subjects (t ¼ 4.52, po0.001). In contrast, anxiety responses were negatively associated with cortisol responses in FHP subjects (t ¼ À2.30, p ¼ 0.024). Our findings are consistent with theories that greater reactivity to stress is associated with greater risks for alcoholism. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the association between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormonal response and the subjective perception of stress might be deranged in offspring of alcoholics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Uhart

Oswald

McCaul

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…In a recent study, Dai et al (2002) used a similar design as reported here to investigate HPA response to stress and alcohol in high-risk subjects. In contrast to our results, they found higher baseline and stress-induced ACTH secretion in FHN compared to PHA subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal System Response to Psychosocial Stress in Sons of Alcohol-Dependent Fathers

Zimmermann

Spring

Kunz-Ebrecht

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

104

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Familial risk and environmental stress promote the development of alcohol dependence. This study tested two hypotheses: that a family history for alcoholism is associated with (i) a greater stress response and (ii) more effective stress response dampening by alcohol. We studied 29 high-risk subjects with a paternal history of alcoholism (PHA) and 23 family history negative (FHN) controls all aged 18-26 years, who were recruited using a representative sample of the local area population. Psychosocial stress was induced by having subjects deliver a speech and perform mental arithmetics in front of an audience on two separate days, after drinking either placebo or alcohol (0.6 g/kg) in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were measured up to 90 min after the test. The stress task induced a phasic increase of both hormones in PHA and FHN subjects during all experimental conditions except in tests where FHN subjects received alcohol during the second day. ACTH secretion was higher in PHA subjects during placebo experiments, but equal to controls after alcohol administration. The alcohol-induced attenuation of ACTH response was statistically significant in PHA, but not FHN, subjects. Cortisol response was higher in PHA than FHN probands if placebo was administered during the first test, but equal if subjects received alcohol first. The increased stress response and its stronger dampening by alcohol in sons of alcoholic fathers suggest a mechanism by which predisposition to develop alcohol use disorders might be expressed, implying that a transient favorable alcohol effect might occur in PHA, but not FHN, subjects.

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“…Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. FHN's [13,17,18,22,24,31,39,43,58,63]. Taken together these data suggest that individual differences in stress reactivity are associated with differences in sensitivity to EtOH's behavioral effects and vulnerability to alcoholism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of chronic swim stress on EtOH-related behaviors in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ mice

Boyce-Rustay

Janos

Holmes

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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There is a strong clinical relationship between stress and stress-related disorders and the incidence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and this relationship appears to be partly genetic in origin. There are marked strain differences in ethanol (EtOH)-related behaviors and reactivity to stress, but little investigation of the interaction between the two. The present study assessed the effects of chronic exposure to swim stress on EtOH-related behavior in three common inbred strains of mice, C57BL/ 6J, DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ. After establishing baseline (10%) EtOH self-administration in a twobottle free choice test, mice were exposed to daily swim stress for 14 consecutive days and EtOH consumption measured as a percent of baseline both during stress and for 10 days afterwards. A separate experiment examined the effects of 14 days of swim stress on sensitivity to the sedative/ hypnotic effects of an acute injection of 4 g/kg EtOH. Results showed that stress produced a marked and prolonged decrease in EtOH consumption in DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ, but not C57BL/6J mice. By contrast, stress increased sensitivity to the sedative/hypnotic effects of EtOH across all 3 strains. These findings demonstrate that chronic swim stress produces reductions in EtOH self-administration in a strain-dependent manner, and that these effects may be restricted to low-consuming strains. Present data also indicate a dissociation between effects of this stressor on EtOH self-administration and sensitivity to EtOH's sedative/hypnotic effects. In conclusion, strain differences, that are likely in large part genetic in nature, modify the effects of this stressor on EtOH's effects in a behaviorspecific manner. Keywords mouse; strain; ethanol; sedation; gene; drinking; swim stress; preference; two-bottle choice There is a strong epidemiological link between stress-related psychiatric disorders and alcoholism. Individuals suffering from depression or anxiety disorders, conditions often associated with stress, are more likely to abuse alcohol and become alcoholic, and tend to respond less well to therapeutic interventions [8,9,29,54]. Moreover, a history of adverse life events positively correlates with increased rates of alcoholism; although, interestingly, a proportion of individuals become abstinent following stress [19,35,46,51]. These clinic data lend support to the influential hypothesis that stress represent a significant risk factor for alcoholism [12,28]. *Corresponding author: R4N5 AP9A-L018, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd, Abbott Park, IL 60064, Ph. +1-847-937-2559, Fax +1-847-938-0072, E-mail: janel.boyce-rustay@abbott.com. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered wh...

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Response of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to Stress in the Absence and Presence of Ethanol in Subjects at High and Low Risk of Alcoholism,

Cited by 71 publications

References 41 publications

Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Effect of Ethanol on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal System Response to Psychosocial Stress in Sons of Alcohol-Dependent Fathers

Effects of chronic swim stress on EtOH-related behaviors in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ mice

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