Response of urinary lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo

Abstract

Peroxidation of lipids results in the formation of a number of aldehydic and other carbonyl-containing secondary degradation products. The effect of peroxidative stimuli mediated by vitamin E deficiency, a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (containing cod liver oil), and carbon tetrachloride administration on urinary excretion of a number of lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds was examined in rats. These secondary lipid peroxidation products were measured as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives. All three treatments increased urinary excretion of secondary lipid peroxidation products, although the pattern of excretion of these products varied somewhat among the treatments. Significant increases were found in butanal, hexanal, octanal, butan-2-one, pentan-2-one, hex-2-enal, hepta-2,4-dienal, 4-hydroxyhex-2-enal, 4-hydroxyoct-2-enal, 4-hydroxynon-2-enal, and a number of unidentified carbonyl compounds. These results suggest that urinary excretion of these lipophilic secondary lipid peroxidation products is a useful and noninvasive marker of whole-body lipid peroxidation.

Cellular Oxidative Processes in Relation to Renal Disease

“…We still have much to learn about isoprostanes [6] and the cyclopentenone prostaglandins. At low concentration, the latter generate ROS and they are proinflammatory [46].…”

“…Carbonyl groups can also arise in proteins by addition reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malonyldialdehyde and acrolein (2-propenal) [6]. Indeed one is now cognisant of lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARs), like malonyldialdehyde, acrolein, 4-hydroxynonenal [7], all appropriately listed in [8], and the 18 monohydroxyfatty acids, isolevoglandins and F2-isoprostanes [9] and oxidised LDL.…”

Formation of 4‐hydroxynonenal, a toxic aldehyde, in soybean oil at frying temperature

“…HPLC peak areas were converted to mass using a peak area of 2000 equivalent to 1 ng pure hexanal standard. This value was determined by repeated injections of various concentrations of pure hexanal-DNPH standard and comparisons of the peak area response to the concentration (28). A similar molar extinction coefficient was assumed for all DNPH derivatives (29).…”

Simultaneous determination of lipophilic aldehydes by high‐performance liquid chromatography in vegetable oil

“…The method described here was based on a method previously developed in this laboratory that measures the secondary lipid peroxidation products formed in vivo and excreted in the urine and that has been used in several experiments (1,(37)(38)(39).…”