Response of wheat root pathogens to crop management in eastern Saskatchewan

Fernandez, M. R.; Basnyat, Prakash; Zentner, R. P.

doi:10.4141/cjps07005

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…were highest in 2001. Some of these differences between years were not large, but for the most part agree with results from a parallel wheat CRR survey (Fernandez et al 2007a). There were even fewer differences between years for the percentage occurrence of fungi.…”

Section: Oat Study In Eastern Saskatchewan (2000 á 2001)supporting

confidence: 73%

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Fungal populations in subcrown internodes and crowns of oat crops in Saskatchewan

Fernandez¹,

Holzgang²

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Discoloration of subcrown internodes (SIs) and crowns/lower culms (CLCs) of 87 oat crops across Saskatchewan in 1998-1999 and of SIs in 31 oat crops in eastern Saskatchewan (Black Soil Zone) in 2000-2001 was evaluated. Fungi in discolored tissue were isolated, identified and quantified, and the percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated at least once (occurrence) and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. In the 1998-1999 survey, discoloration severity varied more between years than among soil zones. Fusarium was the most common genus present, and F. culmorum the most common species. This was followed by F. equiseti, Microdochium bolleyi, Cochliobolus sativus, and F. avenaceum. Levels of C. sativus were lower in oat than those reported for wheat and barley in parallel province-wide surveys. Percentage isolation of F. culmorum was higher in the Brown than in the Black/Dark Gray Soil Zone, whereas the percentage occurrence of F. avenaceum was highest in the Black/Dark Gray Soil Zone. In 2000-2001, in eastern Saskatchewan, M. bolleyi, F. avenaceum, C. sativus, F. equiseti, Alternaria spp., and Pyrenophora avenae were the most common fungi isolated from discolored oat SIs. Similar to reports from wheat and barley, F. graminearum was isolated from SIs in eastern Saskatchewan at low levels. For the most part, neither previous crop nor tillage system affected fungal levels in SIs. P. avenae levels increased when the previous crop was another oat rather than wheat or barley. We conclude that oat could maintain or increase inoculum levels of Fusarium pathogens that cause damage to cereal crops in Saskatchewan. This is supported by results from a crop residue study in eastern Saskatchewan that showed that F. avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. graminearum occurred at similar or higher levels in oat fields than in fields of wheat or barley. Key words: Oat, root rot, crown rot, crop rotation, tillage system, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium spp., Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Cochliobolus sativus, Pyrenophora avenae

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Section: Oat Study In Eastern Saskatchewan (2000 á 2001)supporting

confidence: 73%

“…In late July to early August, a total of 35Á50 oat plants at the mid-milk to dough stage were randomly sampled within each field (Fernandez et al 2007a). Samples were processed and SIs rated for extent of brown to black discoloration following the same procedure as described for the 1998Á1999 survey.…”

Section: Oat Study In Eastern Saskatchewan (2000 á 2001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal populations in subcrown internodes and crowns of oat crops in Saskatchewan

Fernandez¹,

Holzgang²

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…This is especially the case for F. graminearum, which is the most important FHB pathogen in wheatgrowing areas of North America. Fusarium avenaceum, one of the most important FHB pathogens in the prairies (Turkington et al , 2004Pearse et al 2007b;Clear and Patrick 2008), is also a commonly found pathogen in roots, crowns and residues of a wide range of plant species (Fernandez 2007;Fernandez et al 2007aFernandez et al , b, 2008. Fungicide treatments effective against this pathogen, whether as seed-borne or soil-borne inoculum, would be of value in preventing seedling blight in cereal crops, especially when these are grown in rotation with noncereal crops, particularly pulses, which are most susceptible to F. avenaceum (Fernandez 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions

Fernandez¹,

Turkington²,

May³

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is well established in the eastern prairies, but for the most part it has been absent from western regions, especially under dryland conditions. This has been largely attributed to dry and hot conditions during some years, and the limited occurrence of F. graminearum in the western prairies. It is of importance to prevent the movement of F. graminearum, the most important FHB pathogen in North America, to areas where this pathogen is not commonly found. Three controlled-environment studies, using different Fusarium-infected common and durum wheat seed lots, were conducted to determine the effectiveness of currently registered fungicide seed treatments in improving seedling emergence and plant development, and preventing the growth of F. graminearum from infected seed to plant tissue. Fungicide treatments improved seedling emergence from the most infected seed over the untreated infected control, but most treatments did not improve emergence in the other experiments. Plant growth in the fungicide treatments was either similar to or slower than in the untreated controls. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from discoloured tissue in all treatments and was generally more common in crowns than in subcrown internodes. No fungicide treatment reduced discolouration of plant tissue or percentage isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium spp. consistently. We conclude that while currently registered seed treatments might be effective in improving seedling emergence in some infected wheat seed lots, they do not prevent the growth of F. graminearum from seeds to plant tissue. For the western prairies, the use of fungicide seed treatments as a strategy in the prevention of spread of FHB would require that they be effective primarily against F. graminearum. Performance of fungicide seed treatments against Fusarium-infected wheat seed should also be determined under typical growing conditions across the western prairies.Key words: Seed treatments, fungicides, wheat, root rot, crown rot, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum

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“…Surveys of soilborne and crown root rot pathogens of wheat have been reported in USA (Strausbaugh et al, 2004;Smiley et al, 2005;Moya-Elizondo et al, 2011a), Canada (Hall and Sutton, 1998;Fernandez et al, 2007), Australia (Scott et al, 2003;Backhouse et al, 2004), United Kingdom (Pettitt et al, 2003), Turkey (Tunali et al, 2008), and Iran (Saremi et al, 2007). In Chile, the most recent and systematic survey was conducted in 1981 by Madariaga and McMahon (1981), when they examined the incidence of the take-all pathogen around the piedmont of the Andes mountains in the Biobío Region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and prevalence of crown rot pathogens affecting wheat crops in southern Chile

Moya-Elizondo¹,

Arismendi²,

Castro

et al. 2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Crown rot pathogens are associated with higher losses for wheat crop farmers, but information about the distribution and prevalence of these pathogens in Chile is inadequate. Distribution and prevalence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crown rot pathogens were examined in a survey of 48 commercial fields from December 2011 to February 2012 in southern Chile. These fields were located between Collipulli (37º56'00" S; 72°26'39" W) and Purranque (40º50'30" S; 73°22'03" W). Severity of crown rot disease was determined through visual assessment of the first internode of 20 tillers obtained from each field. Incidence of crown rot pathogens per field was determined by plating the 20 tillers on Petri plates with 20% potato dextrose agar amended with lactic acid (aPDA) medium. Resulting fungal colonies from monoxenic culture were identified by morphological or molecular-assisted identification. Severity of crown rot varied between 11.3% and 80% for individual fields. Culture plate analysis showed 72.2% of stems were infected with some fungus. Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum, pathogens associated with Fusarium crown rot disease were isolated from 13.5% of tillers. Gaeumannomyces graminis, causal agent of take-all disease in cereals, was isolated from 11.1% of culms. Phaeosphaeria sp., an endophyte and possibly a non-pathogenic fungus, was isolated from 13.9% of tillers. Pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia spp. and Microdochium nivale, other saprophyte, and several unidentified non-sporulating fungi were isolated at frequencies lower than 3% of the total. Fusarium crown rot and take-all were the most prevalent and distributed crown rot diseases present in wheat crops in southern Chile.

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Response of wheat root pathogens to crop management in eastern Saskatchewan

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Fungal populations in subcrown internodes and crowns of oat crops in Saskatchewan

Fungal populations in subcrown internodes and crowns of oat crops in Saskatchewan

Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions

Distribution and prevalence of crown rot pathogens affecting wheat crops in southern Chile

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