Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedlings to Mechanical Stress

Steucek, G. L.; Gordon, L. Kh.

doi:10.1086/336777

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Our study presents, to our knowledge, the first detailed analysis of exposure to moderate wind in a grass species. A ~50% reduction in stem height was the most dramatic phenotypic change observed after mechanical stimulation of Brachypodium by both WT and MT, agreeing with previous findings in other species (e.g., Biddington, ; Jaffe, ; Niez et al, ), although data on the phenotypic response for members of the grass family are limited to only a handful of studies (Crook & Ennos, ; Jaffe, ; Metzger & Steucek, ; Steucek & Gordon, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Gladala-Kostarz

Doonan

Bosch

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Mechanical stimulation, including exposure to wind, is a common environmental variable for plants. However, knowledge about the morphogenetic response of the grasses (Poaceae) to mechanical stimulation and impact on relevant agronomic traits is very limited. Two natural accessions of Brachypodium distachyon were exposed to wind and mechanical treatments. We surveyed a wide range of stem-related traits to determine the effect of the two treatments on plant growth, development, and stem biomass properties. Both treatments induced significant quantitative changes across multiple scales, from the whole plant down to cellular level. The two treatments resulted in shorter stems, reduced biomass, increased tissue rigidity, delayed flowering, and reduced seed yield in both accessions. Among changes in cell wallrelated features, a substantial increase in lignin content and pectin methylesterase activity was most notable. Mechanical stimulation also reduced the enzymatic sugar release from the cell wall, thus increasing biomass recalcitrance. Notably, treatments had a distinct and opposite effect on vascular bundle area in the two accessions, suggesting genetic variation in modulating these responses to mechanical stimulation.Our findings highlight that exposure of grasses to mechanical stimulation is a relevant environmental factor affecting multiple traits important for their utilization in food, feed, and bioenergy applications. K E Y W O R D S biomass, Brachypodium distachyon, cell wall, fitness, grasses, growth and development, mechanical stress, plant morphology, thigmomorphogenesis, wind

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Gladala-Kostarz

Doonan

Bosch

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…This has been demonstrated for arborescent dicots (McMahon and Kronauer, 1976) and monocots (Rich, 1987;Rich et aI., 1986), and herbaceous pteridophytes (Niklas, 1990). Additionally, some species developmentally adjust their morphology and the stiffness of their tissues to allometrically compensate for the magnitude, duration, and frequency of application of externally applied (dynamic) loadings experienced during growth (Jacobs, 1954;Jaffe, 1973;Steucek and Gordon, 1975;Grace and Russell, 1977;Lawton, 1982; Jaffe, Telewski, and I Received for publication 12 July 1989; revision accepted 19 December 1989.…”

Section: +--mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous studies indicate that mechanical perturbation (rubbing or wind-induced bending and torsion) decreases stem elongation and reduces the likelihood of stems falling over in a variety of species (Jacobs, 1954;Jaffe, 1973;Steucek and Gordon, 1975;Lawton, 1982;Jaffe et aI., 1984). This phenomenon has been called thigmomorphogenesis and can involve morphometric or mechanical adjustments, or both, during organogenesis.…”

Section: Unprotectedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determinate Growth of Allium Sativum Peduncles: Evidence of Determinate Growth as a Design Factor for Biomechanical Safety

Niklas

1990

American J of Botany

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Determinate growth in an organ can reduce the mechanical liability of dynamic wind loadings. This hypothesis was examined for the peduncles of Allium sativum grown under protected and unprotected field conditions and in the glasshouse. The extent to which the lengths of peduncles approach their critical buckling lengths lcr was correlated with the extent to which peduncles were perturbed mechanically. Glasshouse‐grown plants that were protected from dynamic loadings (wind or handling) produced peduncles with low ratios of critical to actual peduncle lengths (lcr/1 = 1.11 ± 0.07); field‐grown, unprotected plants had lcr/1 = 1.85 ± 0.29; while plants grown in the field but protected from the wind had lcr/1 = 1.29 ± 0.15. Statistical analyses indicated that peduncle length was the only morphometric parameter examined to significantly differ among plants grown under the three conditions. The frequency distributions of critical (buckling) stress for each of the three populations of peduncles differed; that of the unprotected population conformed to a three‐parameter Weibull distribution. Allium sativum exhibits thigmomorphogenesis, i.e., mechanical forces influence the extent and nature of organogenesis. Unlike other thigmomophogenetic species, however, the determinate growth of peduncles did not influence peduncle girth or the elastic (Young's) modulus of tissues. Thus, the extent to which vertical growth proceeded determined the design factor for dynamic loading in these reproductive organs. The design (“margin of safety”) factors of A. sativum peduncles grown under the three different conditions and calculated from lcr/1 were remarkably similar to those specified for engineered columns of wood subjected to stress durations differing in magnitude.

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“…Because CCC has this effect in the field on plants subjected to MIS it could be argued that the CCC effect is different to the MIS effect . However there is a report demonstrating that the growth of coleoptiles of a variety of winter wheat that is suceptible to lodging did not respond to MIS in the laboratory, whereas growth of a lodging-resistant variety was retarded [71] . Thus CCC may induce stem shortening in varieties which do not respond or respond only partially to MIS .…”

Section: Modifying Overcoming or Simulating Mis Growth Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of mechanically-induced stress in plants ? a review

Biddington¹

1986

Plant Growth Regul

175

145

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Mechanically-induced stress (MIS) occurs naturally in plants as the aerial parts are moved, usually by wind, but also by such agents as rain and animals . It can be induced indoors by various actions such as rubbing or bending the stem or shaking or brushing the entire shoot . The most noticeable effect of MIS is a reduction in stem, leaf or petiole length invariably resulting in plants which are smaller and more compact than unstressed controls. However, the response of other variables can often differ between species and there may be either increases or decreases in stem or petiole diameter, root : shoot weight ratio, chlorophyll content or drought resistance . Why species should differ in this way, and what is the endogenous control mechanism for MIS responses, are unanswered questions . Ethylene, which increases as a result of MIS in several species may cause some MIS responses such as increased stem diameter, epinasty or a change in sex expression . However, evidence suggests that MIS retardation of extension growth may equally be due to lower or supraoptimal auxin levels or lower gibberellin levels .The uses in the field of the growth promoter gibberellin or the growth retardant chlormequat chloride (CCC) appear to be examples of respectively reversing or stimulating MIS growth response . MIS may be applied indoors if short compact plants are needed, either for aesthetic purposes as with floral crops, or if hardier and more manageable plants are needed, such as seedlings for transplanting in the field . Much more research is needed to estimate the importance of MIS in the field and to assess how such knowledge may be used to improve crop yield .

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Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedlings to Mechanical Stress

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Mechanical stimulation in Brachypodium distachyon: Implications for fitness, productivity, and cell wall properties

Determinate Growth of Allium Sativum Peduncles: Evidence of Determinate Growth as a Design Factor for Biomechanical Safety

The effects of mechanically-induced stress in plants ? a review

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