Response Plasticity of Lateral Geniculate Neurons During and After Pairing of Auditory and Visual Stimuli

Chalupa, Leo M.; Macadar, Angelica W.; Lindsley, Donald B.

doi:10.1126/science.1179212

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We do know, however, that inputs from different sensory modalities converge on individual cells in the brain. This phenomenon occurs in many areas of the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., 11,12,24,38,40,41,53,58,61,86,102,110,117) and at many phyletic levels (e.g., 3 1, 39,46,48,54,67,83,91,94). reotaxic head holder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration

Meredith

Stein²

1986

Journal of Neurophysiology

1,047

725

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Convergence of inputs from different sensory modalities onto individual neurons is a phenomenon that occurs widely throughout the brain at many phyletic levels and appears to represent a basic neural mechanism by which an organism integrates complex environmental stimuli. In the present study, neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) were used as a model to examine how single neurons deal with simultaneous cues from different sensory modalities (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory). The functional result of multisensory convergence on an individual cell was determined by comparing the responses evoked from it by a combined-modality (multimodal) stimulus with those elicited by each (unimodal) component of that stimulus presented alone. Superior colliculus cells exhibited profound changes in their activity when individual sensory stimuli were combined. These "multisensory interactions" were found to be widespread among deep laminae cells and fell into one of two functional categories: response enhancement, characterized by a significant increase in the number of discharges evoked; and response depression, characterized by a significant decrease in the discharges elicited. Multisensory response interactions most often reflected a multiplicative, rather than summative, change in activity. Their absolute magnitude varied from cell to cell and, when stimulus conditions were altered, within the same cell. However, the percentage change of enhanced interactions was generally inversely related to the vigor of the responses that could be evoked by presenting each unimodal stimulus alone and suggest that the potential for response amplification was greatest when responses evoked by individual stimuli were weakest. The majority of cells exhibiting multi-sensory characteristics were demonstrated to have descending efferent projections and thus had access to premotor and motor areas of the brain stem and spinal cord involved in SC-mediated attentive and orientation behaviors. These data show that multisensory convergence provides the descending efferent cells of the SC with a dynamic response character. The responses of these cells and the SC-mediated behaviors that they underlie need not be immutably tied to the presence of any single stimulus, but can vary in response to the particular complex of stimuli present in the environment at any given moment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration

Meredith

Stein²

1986

Journal of Neurophysiology

1,047

725

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“…Auditory-visual interaction has also been demonstrated in single cells in the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus [30]. Finally, there is sufficient evidence from human and animal research that even the primary visual system, namely the lateral geniculate nucleus [31], [32] and the primary visual cortex [33]–[39], exhibits properties of auditory-visual cross-modal interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Passive Auditory Stimulation Improves Vision in Hemianopia

et al. 2012

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Techniques employed in rehabilitation of visual field disorders such as hemianopia are usually based on either visual or audio-visual stimulation and patients have to perform a training task. Here we present results from a completely different, novel approach that was based on passive unimodal auditory stimulation. Ten patients with either left or right-sided pure hemianopia (without neglect) received one hour of unilateral passive auditory stimulation on either their anopic or their intact side by application of repetitive trains of sound pulses emitted simultaneously via two loudspeakers. Immediately before and after passive auditory stimulation as well as after a period of recovery, patients completed a simple visual task requiring detection of light flashes presented along the horizontal plane in total darkness. The results showed that one-time passive auditory stimulation on the side of the blind, but not of the intact, hemifield of patients with hemianopia induced an improvement in visual detections by almost 100% within 30 min after passive auditory stimulation. This enhancement in performance was reversible and was reduced to baseline 1.5 h later. A non-significant trend of a shift of the visual field border toward the blind hemifield was obtained after passive auditory stimulation. These results are compatible with the view that passive auditory stimulation elicited some activation of the residual visual pathways, which are known to be multisensory and may also be sensitive to unimodal auditory stimuli as were used here.Trial Registration DRKS00003577

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“…Numerous studies conducted on animals lend credibility to the precortical filtering hypothesis (Chalupa, Macadar, & Lindsley, 1975;Coleman & Lindsley, 1975Gilbert & Kelly, 1975;Lamarre, Filion, & Cordeau, 1971;Livingston, 1978;Oatman, 1982;Singer, 1977;Skinner & Yingling, 1977;Yingling & Skinner, 1976;and others).…”

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confidence: 99%

Central neural influences on the human retina during selective attention

1983

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Two controversial issues were investigated. One concerned the question of whether cen· trifugal fibers project to the human retina, and the other, the question of whether precortical fil· ters which differentially transmit relevant and irrelevant information during selective attention exist. The issues were addressed jointly by studying the effects of selective attention on evoked responses obtained from the retina and over the occipital cortex. Selective attention was manipulated by requiring subjects to respond to stimuli presented at various locations in the visual field while attempting to ignore stimuli presented at other locations. Retinal responses to stimuli presented at attended to locations were found to be larger than those at unattended to locations. A similar result was obtained for responses recorded over the occipital cortex. The results are interpreted as follows: (1) They support the hypothesis that sustained voluntary at· tention to specific locations in space is mediated, at least partly, by centrally controlled cen· trifugal pathways which differentially modify synaptic transmission at a precortical level; (2) such differential alteration can occur as far peripherally as the retina; and (3) such alteration at the retinal level necessarily requires the existence of centrifugal optic nerve fibers. The results are discussed within the context of existing evidence bearing on the issues.

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Response Plasticity of Lateral Geniculate Neurons During and After Pairing of Auditory and Visual Stimuli

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration

Passive Auditory Stimulation Improves Vision in Hemianopia

Central neural influences on the human retina during selective attention

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