Response surface method to optimize the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose from corn peel agricultural waste

Rojsitthisak, Pornchai; Khunthon, Srichalai; Noomun, Khanittha; Limpanart, Sarintorn

doi:10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2017.43.008

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many research projects have studied the production of CMC from agricultural waste cellulose sources such as corn peel [32], sugar beet pulp [33], water hyacinth [34], palm empty fruit bunch [35], sago Pulp [36], milox pulps [37], sugarcane bagasse [23], banana tree stem [38] and durian peel [39].…”

Section: Cll¬oh + Naoh + Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMC was obtained by alkalization of cellulose with 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% (w/v) NaOH, in the presence of isopropyl alcohol, followed by carboxymethylation process using monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Mercerization functions as a swelling agent [32], and simultaneously dissolves alkali-soluble lignin and some amount of hemicellulose [53]. Fig.…”

Section: B Synthesis Of Cmc and Cmc Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salt of carboxyl group had wave number about 1600 cm -1 and 1400 -1450 cm -1 [62]. the broad absorption band at 3401-3423.65 cm -1 , due to the stretching frequency of the -OH group, suggesting that the OH groups at C 2 , C 3 , and C 6 on the pyranose ring in CMC were substituted by CH2COO - [32]. The band at 2899.01-2927.94 cm -1 attributable to C-H stretching vibration [63].…”

Section: E Ft-ir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

Youssif¹,

Hassan²

2018

IJEAS

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Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit shell was used as the raw material to produce cellulose. A 37.67 % of cellulose was successfully extracted from baobab fruit shell through sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pre-treatment and acidified sodium chlorite delignification. Cellulose was then converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by etherification process using monochloroacetic acid (MCA), and various sodium hydroxide concentrations (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/100 ml), in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) medium. The synthesized CMC yield increased with increasing amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration for the alkalization step. Structural information of cellulose and CMC was obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The carboxymethylation process of cellulose was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The presence of a new and strong absorption band at 1600.92 cm-1 for all CMCs samples is due to the COO‾ group, which substitutes OH groups at anhydroglucose unit (AGU). The degree of crystallinity for BFS cellulose was calculated to be 60.6% while the crystal size was calculated to be 31.12 nm. XRD analysis confirmed that CMC crystallinity was reduced remarkably compared with cellulose. The viscosity average molecular weight (Mη) of baobab fruit shell cellulose obtained by Mark-Houwink equation using intrinsic viscosity data is 51,024 g mol-1. The optimum condition for carboxymethylation was found to be 35 g/100 ml NaOH, which provided the highest viscosity average molecular weight (Mη=39,241 g mol-1) and degree of substitution (DS = 0.94). The characteristic features of synthesized CMC suggest the possibilities of utilization as food additive.

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Section: Cll¬oh + Naoh + Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Synthesis Of Cmc and Cmc Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Ft-ir Spectroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

Youssif¹,

Hassan²

2018

IJEAS

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“…(8-10) rice straw , wheat straw (11,12) and from corn peels and husk. (13,14) The aims of this research is to use waste cotton fiber from the textile industry as a raw material and prepare carboxymethyl cellulose by converting the cellulose to its derivatives known as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which has many applications throughout several industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Egyptian cotton waste fibers for production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

Bahlool

Kamel

2023

J.Text.color. pol. sci.

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HE AIM of present work was to use waste cotton fiber from the textile industry as a raw material and extract cellulose to prepare carboxymethyl cellulose from it by adapting a modified etherification methodology. Cotton waste fibers are an abundant waste, but it has great potential for use as a cellulose source for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The chemical composition of Egyptian cotton fibers, such as cellulose, sugar, and waxy matter was determined. Scouring and bleaching pretreatments were used to prepare the cotton samples. Then cellulose extracted was carboxymethylated using sodium hydroxide and monochloroacetic acid in aqueous ethanolic medium using different concentration of sulfuric acid. Carboxymethyl cellulose was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results confirming the transformation of cotton fiber waste to carboxymethyl cellulose.

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“…Experimental system design and statistical modelling approaches that account for these sources of variability are a significantly underdeveloped aspect of the nanocellulose research field ( Ramakrishna et al, 2019 ). Statistical approaches are most commonly utilised in nanocellulose research for process optimisation ( Rojsitthisak et al, 2017 ; Rodrigues et al, 2019 ; Baruah et al, 2020 ; Hisham et al, 2020 ; Nardi et al, 2020 ; Mairpady et al, 2021 ; Lim et al, 2022 ; Prabu et al, 2022 ; Soleimanzadeh et al, 2022 ; Zubair et al, 2022 ), property evaluation ( Chinga-Carrasco, 2013 ; Lin et al, 2014 ; Desmaisons et al, 2017 ; Kriechbaum et al, 2018 ; Schenker et al, 2018 ; Motohashi and Hanasaki, 2019 ; Espinosa et al, 2020 ; de Carvalho Benini et al, 2021 ; Sankhla et al, 2021 ), predictive modelling ( Hayes, 2012 ; García-Gonzalo et al, 2016 ; Lengowski et al, 2016 ; Ramachandran et al, 2017 ; Malucelli et al, 2018 ; Gao et al, 2019 ; Ferdous et al, 2021 ; Demir et al, 2022 ), and fibre morphology estimation ( Postek et al, 2011 ; Legland and Beaugrand, 2013 ; Aguado et al, 2016 ; Arcari et al, 2019 ; Ang et al, 2020 ; Campano et al, 2020 ; Uetani et al, 2021 ). However, statistical approaches also have the potential to be employed in alternative and creative ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical genetics concepts in biomass-based materials engineering

Pennells

Martin

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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With the rise of biomass-based materials such as nanocellulose, there is a growing need to develop statistical methods capable of leveraging inter-dependent experimental data to improve material design, product development, and process optimisation. Statistical approaches are essential given the multifaceted nature of variability in lignocellulosic biomass, which includes a range of different biomass feedstock types, a combinative arrangement of different biomass processing routes, and an array of different product formats depending on the focal application. To account for this large degree of variability and to extract meaningful patterns from research studies, there is a requirement to generate larger datasets of biomass-derived material properties through well-designed experimental systems that enable statistical analysis. To drive this trend, this article proposes the cross-disciplinary utilisation of statistical modelling approaches commonly applied within the field of statistical genetics to evaluate data generated in the field of biomass-based material research and development. The concepts of variance partitioning, heritability, hierarchical clustering, and selection gradients have been explained in their native context of statistical genetics and subsequently applied across the disciplinary boundary to evaluate relationships within a model experimental study involving the production of sorghum-derived cellulose nanofibres and their subsequent fabrication into nanopaper material. Variance partitioning and heritability calculates the relative influence of biomass vs. processing factors on material performance, while hierarchical clustering highlights the obscured similarity between experimental samples or characterisation metrics, and selection gradients elucidate the relationships between characterisation metrics and material quality. Ultimately, these statistical modelling approaches provide more depth to the investigation of biomass-processing-structure-property-performance relationships through outlining a framework for product characterisation, quality evaluation, and data visualisation, not only applicable to nanocellulose production but for all biomass-based materials and products.

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Response surface method to optimize the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose from corn peel agricultural waste

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

Synthesis and Characteristic of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.) Fruit Shell

Utilization of Egyptian cotton waste fibers for production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

Statistical genetics concepts in biomass-based materials engineering

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