Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks for Optimization of Catalytic Esterification of Lactic Acid

Chandane, Vishal S.; Rathod, Ajit P.; Wasewar, Kailas L.; Jadhav, Prakash. G.

doi:10.1002/ceat.202000041

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The normal plot (Figure 5a) revealed a straight line that expressed a decent direct agreement between normal probability (%) and externally studentized residuals (Hasanudin, Asri, Said et al, 2022). It appeared that the response transformation was not required and that there were no major problems with the data's normality (Chandane et al, 2020).…”

Section: Model Development and Anovamentioning

confidence: 94%

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Hasanudin¹,

Asri²,

Putri³

et al. 2023

JST

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This research, biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO), was conducted using a montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon catalyst from molasses. The biodiesel product would be blended with diesel fuel with various volume variations to see its fuel properties. The catalyst was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and acidity analysis using the titration method. The effect of the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon was also evaluated. The process of esterification reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology with a central composite design (RSM-CCD). The study showed that the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon of 1:3 generated the highest acidity of 9.79 mmol/g with a prominent enhanced surface area and was further employed to optimize the esterification reaction. The optimum condition was obtained at a reaction temperature of 78.12°C, catalyst weight of 2.98 g, and reaction time of 118.27 with an FFA conversion of 74.101%. The optimum condition for the mixture of FAME and diesel fuel was achieved at the composition of the B20 blend, which met the FAME standard. The reusability study revealed that the catalyst had adequate stability at three consecutive runs, with a reduced performance was 18.60%. The reduction of FFA conversion was due to the leaching of the catalyst’s active site. This study disclosed that the FAME generated from the esterification of FFA on WCO-catalyzed montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon had a promising option as biodiesel blends for increasing the quality of commercial diesel.

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Section: Model Development and Anovamentioning

confidence: 94%

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Hasanudin¹,

Asri²,

Putri³

et al. 2023

JST

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show abstract

“…An important issue about the esterification reaction is that an acid-based catalyst should be used to shift the equilibrium in the forward direction. However homogeneous catalysts were found to cause corrosion problems in addition to an enormous amounts of toxic effluents [3][4][5]; and because the recovery of homogeneous catalysts was found to be expensive, heterogeneous catalysts were found to be a suitable alternative [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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In this work, two catalysts based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing sulfonic acid group and the −COOH group of citric acid (CA) were synthesized. Characterization of the −SO3H functionalized PEG and citric acid functionalized PEG has been carried out using FT–IR. The acidity of PEG–SO3H and PEG–CA has been explored to investigate their catalytic efficiency towards eco-friendly production of methyl salicylate via esterification of salicylic acid using methanol as a reactant as well as solvent. Methanol to acid molar ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1 was applied. The sulfonated PEG is found to be a very active solid acid catalyst giving high yields (82%) under the optimized reaction conditions (10:1 M ratio of methanol to acid; reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 150 min with catalyst loading of 1.5%. In comparison with the catalytic activity of H2SO4, PEG–SO3H, and PEG-CA; the PEG–SO3H surpassed the catalytic activity of both H2SO4 and PEG–CA. The IEC of PEG–SO3H was 4 meq/g. And the maximum water uptake of PEG-SO3H was 8.25%.

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“…The artificial neural network (ANN) technique can be employed for solving linear and nonlinear multivariable regres-sion problems [19,20]. An ANN has several interesting features, such as finding complicated nonlinear relationships, employing multiple training algorithms, and specifying interactions between input variables [21,22]. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is made by incorporating the features of a fuzzy system and a neural network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Artificial Intelligence Modeling of Dye Removal in Microfluidic Systems

Hosseini

Rahimi²

2023

Chem Eng & Technol

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A modeling approach was utilized to achieve efficient operational conditions for Alizarin removal from synthetic wastewater in a T‐type micromixer. Besides experimental work, the neuro‐fuzzy system and artificial neural network techniques were utilized for this purpose. Input parameters were the pH, the initial Alizarin concentration in the feed, the extractant volume percentage in the organic phase, and the fluid flow rate. Based on the obtained results, both models have high precision. However, the accuracy of the neural network for estimating the extraction percentage is higher compared to that of the neuro‐fuzzy model. The optimal values of the operating parameters were determined by the genetic algorithm technique and the extraction percentage value was obtained as about 99.4 %.

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Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks for Optimization of Catalytic Esterification of Lactic Acid

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Potential of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as Diesel Blends Produced from Free Fatty Acid in Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Montmorillonite-Sulfonated Carbon

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Experimental Study and Artificial Intelligence Modeling of Dye Removal in Microfluidic Systems

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