Response surface methodology based optimization of cadmium and lead remediation from aqueous solution by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) and its anatomical study

Ammoniacal nitrogen removal by Eichhornia crassipes-based phytoremediation: process optimization using response surface methodology

“…Adequate precision was the measurement of signal-to-noise ratio, and a ratio greater than 4 was desirable. The adequate precision was found to be 15.7214, which indicated an adequate signal and implied that the model could be used to navigate the design space (Al-Baldawi et al 2014;Kumar et al 2018).…”

“…Since RSM can be employed for process parameters modeling and optimization, it is widely applied in wastewater treatment process in order to achieve the desired goals especially for enhancement of pollutants removal efficiency and reduction of operating cost (Bashir et al 2015). Numerous literatures have reported on the phytoremediation performance optimization using RSM, such as diesel-contaminated water (Al-Baldawi et al 2014), heavy metal-contaminated soil or solution (Caraiman et al 2012;Kumar et al 2018;Titah et al 2018), palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) (Darajeh et al 2016), petrochemical wastewater (Samimi and Moghadam 2018), tofu wastewater (Seroja et al 2018) and polluted stormwater (Yahyapour et al 2014). Even though phytoremediation technology is widely applied in treating various types of wastewater, the study on phytoremediation of AN wastewater is rarely found.…”

Effect of salinity on the potential cadmium phytoremediation from the polluted soil by carpobrotus rossii

“…The Experimental range and levels of the independent variables in terms of actual and coded factors are shown in Table 2 . Equation (4) was used to calculate the Cd 2+ removal percent [ 33 ]. …”

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“…Also expected in this kind of design are the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the best model, fit statistics, model equations and 3D surface plots. This study examined the work carried out by Kumar et al (2018) on Cd and Pb ions adsorption using RSM-CCD for possible replication on multiple heavy metal presence in Ngomari tap water using BSD in a Design of Experiments (DOE) software.…”

“…[4]. Heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and Hg [5][6][7], are hazardous and persistent contaminants that can accumulate in aquatic environments, posing a major danger to biodiversity and water quality [8]. To address this important issue, the development of efficient and cost-effective water treatment technology is critical.…”