Response-surface-model-based system sizing for Nearly/Net zero energy buildings under uncertainty

Abstract

Properly treating uncertainty is critical for robust system sizing of nearly/net zero energy buildings (ZEBs). To treat uncertainty, the conventional method conducts Monte Carlo simulations for thousands of possible design options, which inevitably leads to computation load that is heavy or even impossible to handle. In order to reduce the number of Monte Carlo simulations, this study proposes a response-surface-modelbased system sizing method. The response surface models of design criteria (i.e., the annual energy match ratio, self-consumption ratio and initial investment) are established based on Monte Carlo simulations for 29 specific design points which are determined by Box-Behnken design. With the response surface models, the overall performances (i.e., the weighted performance of the design criteria) of all design options (i.e., sizing combinations of photovoltaic, wind turbine and electric storage) are evaluated, and the design option with the maximal overall performance is finally

Optimization on fresh outdoor air ratio of air conditioning system with stratum ventilation for both targeted indoor air quality and maximal energy saving

“…TRNSYS [64], one of the most popular building simulation tools, is used for the energy performance evaluation of the air conditioning system ( Figure 2). The energy consumption of the air conditioning system is mainly counted by the water-cooled chiller (including the chiller and cooling water loop), pumps of the primary and secondary chilled water loops and ventilation fans [66,67]. Energy performance models of these components in TRNSYS are standardized and have already been…”

“…validated by the developers (e.g., Type 666 for the chiller, Type 742 for the constant speed pump in the primary chilled water loop, Type 741 for the variable speed pump in the secondary chilled water loop, Type 744 for the ventilation fan), which are the same as those in previous studies[12,[67][68][69][70][71][72]. The energy consumption of the chiller is calculated from Equations 8-12, and the energy consumptions of the pumps and fans are estimated using Equations 13 and 14 respectively[71][72][73].…”

“…The energy consumption of the chiller is calculated from Equations 8-12, and the energy consumptions of the pumps and fans are estimated using Equations 13 and 14 respectively[71][72][73]. The key air conditioning system in TRNSYS are summarized inTable 2, more detailed descriptions of the energy consumption evaluation of the air conditioning system are available in studies[67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Optimization and parametric study of AC electroosmotic micropumping by response surface method

“…The response surface method is a polynomial regression model that expresses the relation between the obtained response and the independent variables [25]. The relation of the design variables with the response value is derived by fitting the numerical analysis results to a second-order polynomial (Eq.…”

“…The RSM is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques used to explore the influence and interaction of several independent factors (i.e., the design parameters) on the design responses [24]. Therefore, the identified relation (the response surface) shows the effects of the design parameters using a limited number of controlled experiments/simulations and design parameters can be optimized to produce the most desirable design response [25,26].…”