Response surface optimization of the feed compositions of biodegradable packaging foams

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse the effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the physical and mechanical properties (radial expansion ratio, bulk density, compressibility and spring index) of a biodegradable cushioning extrudate. A rotatable central-composite design (CCD) was used to develop models for the objective responses. The experiments were run at 125 degrees C with a feed rate of 27.8 l/h, screw speed of 215 r.p.m. and die diameter of 3.92 mm. Responses were most affected by changes in PVOH levels and to a lesser extent by CaCO3 levels. Individual contour plots of the different responses were overlaid. An optimum radial expansion ratio of 3.39, bulk density of 0.065 (g/cm(3)), compressibility of 32.27(N), and spring index of 0.906 were identified at 36% PVOH and 5% CaCO3. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Evaluation of absorption kinetics of oxygen scavenger sachets using response surface methodology

“…Peng et al 20 applied RSM for the optimization of the feed compositions of biodegradable packaging foams, where the authors conclude that the radial expansion ratio, bulk density, compressibility and spring index of biodegradable cushioning extrudates can be effectively optimized using RSM with a minimum number of experiments. 20,21 Limbo and Piergiovanni 22 applied a central composite design and RSM to study the infl uence of high oxygen partial pressures in combination with ascorbic and citric acid on loss of some quality attributes of sliced potatoes. The study was able to show that the respiration rate and the volatile compounds production of sliced potatoes were strongly infl uenced by the initial level of O 2 .…”

Structure and Properties of Starch/Poly (vinyl alcohol) Film Modificated by Different Inorganic Salts

“…Many techniques have been reported to improve the compatibility between PVA and starch such as addition of suitable plasticizers, cross-linking agents, fillers and compatibilizers. [10][11][12][13][14] Among them, the most common and easiest way is to add plasticizers such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or other polyols, urea, amides and other organic small molecules. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] These plasticizers could form interaction with the hydroxyl groups of starch and PVA chains and destroy the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between starch and PVA.…”

“…Hence, the properties of the blends deteriorated as starch content in the blend formulation increased, owing to poor compatibility between the two components and phase separation during blend preparation. Many techniques have been reported to improve the compatibility between PVA and starch such as addition of suitable plasticizers, cross‐linking agents, fillers and compatibilizers . Among them, the most common and easiest way is to add plasticizers such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or other polyols, urea, amides and other organic small molecules .…”

Effect of potassium persulfate on graft copolymerization and mechanical properties of cassava starch/natural rubber foams

“…Both biodegradable and nonbiodegradable polymers have been blended with starch to make thermoplastic starch foams. These include polymers such as polystyrene,13, 14 poly(methyl methacrylate),14 low‐density polyethylene,15 polyurethane,16 polystyrene blended with poly(ethylene‐ co ‐vinyl alcohol),17 biodegradable copolyester,18, 19 poly(lactic acid),20–26 poly(lactic acid) blended with poly(hydroxyester ether),5 poly(ε‐caprolactone),27 poly(vinyl alcohol),28–31 and natural rubber latex 32, 33. Kiatkamjornwong et al32 used gelatinized cassava starch and used benzoyl peroxide to vulcanize the natural rubber.…”