Response time measurements in the iOS app-based Token Test, the Brief Token Test in the elderly

Kim, HyangHee; Sung, Jee Eun; Kim, Jung Wan; Park, Eun Jeong; Yoon, Ji Hye; Yoo, Hyun Ji

doi:10.1111/ggi.12182

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although age‐related decline in grammatical processing has been observed in native speakers as well, the effects do not become noticeable until after age 60 (Silagi, Rabelo, Schochat, & Mansur, ). Even then, the decline may be apparent primarily in reaction time as opposed to accuracy (Kim et al., ). The results reported here suggest that this process may begin much earlier in L2 speakers, possibly because of the fact that the L2 is less well entrenched.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience, Aptitude, and Individual Differences in Linguistic Attainment: A Comparison of Native and Nonnative Speakers

Dąbrowska

2018

Language Learning

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This study compares the performance of native speakers and adult second language (L2) learners on tasks tapping proficiency in grammar, vocabulary, and collocations. In addition, data were collected on several predictors of individual differences in linguistic attainment, including some related to language experience (print exposure, education, and—for L2 speakers—length of residence and use of English) and some relating to an individual's aptitude to learn (language analytic ability and nonverbal intelligence) as well as age and (for L2 speakers) age of arrival. As anticipated, the native group outperformed L2 speakers on all three language measures, although the effect sizes were much larger for collocations than for grammar or vocabulary. Crucially, there were vast individual differences in both groups and considerable overlap between groups, particularly for grammar. Regression analyses revealed both similarities and differences between native and nonnative speakers in which nonlinguistic measures best predict performance on the language tasks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience, Aptitude, and Individual Differences in Linguistic Attainment: A Comparison of Native and Nonnative Speakers

Dąbrowska

2018

Language Learning

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“…Kim et al (12) used temporal measures to evaluate performance in sentence listening comprehension, allowing qualitative analysis of the cognitive processes underlying this ability. These authors found that the use of this type of measure is sensitive for the detection of difficulties on older individuals, but emphasized that the effect of education has not been studied using this type of analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of sociodemographic effects on the Token Test have shown the influence of both age and education (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . However, specific studies on the influence of education in the elderly population are scarce (9)(10)(11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cited studies employed the traditional approach of analyzing performance on the test based on tallying the number of correct responses given by the individual under test. The results of Kim et al (12) and Silagi et al (13) showed that temporal analysis of performance, such as response time and command execution time, can be sensitive on detecting the effects of aging and allow observation of aspects underlying the comprehension of language, including attention, memory and executive functions, as well as cognitive reserve mechanisms. However, there are none studies involving temporal analysis of the Token Test and the effect of education on elderly were found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of education on listening comprehension of sentences on healthy elderly: analysis of number of correct responses and task execution time

Silagi

Rabelo

Schochat

2017

CoDAS

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Purpose To analyze the effect of education on sentence listening comprehension on cognitively healthy elderly. Methods A total of 111 healthy elderly, aged 60-80 years of both genders were divided into two groups according to educational level: low education (0-8 years of formal education) and high education (≥9 years of formal education). The participants were assessed using the Revised Token Test, an instrument that supports the evaluation of auditory comprehension of orders with different working memory and syntactic complexity demands. The indicators used for performance analysis were the number of correct responses (accuracy analysis) and task execution time (temporal analysis) in the different blocks. Results The low educated group had a lower number of correct responses than the high educated group on all blocks of the test. In the temporal analysis, participants with low education had longer execution time for commands on the first four blocks related to working memory. However, the two groups had similar execution time for blocks more related to syntactic comprehension. Conclusion Education influenced sentence listening comprehension on elderly. Temporal analysis allowed to infer over the relationship between comprehension and other cognitive abilities, and to observe that the low educated elderly did not use effective compensation strategies to improve their performances on the task. Therefore, low educational level, associated with aging, may potentialize the risks for language decline.

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“…Sixteen studies were excluded from the present systematic review because they did not use mobile applications to train cognitive functions [20,43,[52][53][54][55][56][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Eleven studies were excluded because they used mobile applications only to assess -and not to train -cognitive functions [57,58,67,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Our eleven selected studies focus on the cognitive domains of attention, memory, problem solving, cognitive control, executive function, visuospatial function, and language (as reported in Table 1).…”

Section: Studies Selectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Cognitive Functions Using Mobile Apps in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review

Vergani¹,

Marton²,

Pizzoli³

et al. 2019

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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BackgroundBreast cancer is an invalidating disease and, in particular, its treatment can bring serious side effects that have a physical and psychological impact as well. Specifically, cancer's treatment generally has a strong impact on cognitive function. In the last years, new technologies and eHealth had proved to have a growing influence on health care and innovative mobile applications can be a useful tool to deliver cognitive exercise in the patient's home.

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Response time measurements in the iOS app-based Token Test, the Brief Token Test in the elderly

Abstract: RT measurement of the iOS app-based Token Test could be highly useful and convenient to better detect abnormalities in linguistic efficiency. RT measurement in the Token Test could be used as a screening tool for linguistic slowing in the elderly population.

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Experience, Aptitude, and Individual Differences in Linguistic Attainment: A Comparison of Native and Nonnative Speakers

Experience, Aptitude, and Individual Differences in Linguistic Attainment: A Comparison of Native and Nonnative Speakers

Effect of education on listening comprehension of sentences on healthy elderly: analysis of number of correct responses and task execution time

Training Cognitive Functions Using Mobile Apps in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review

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