Response to <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv.<i>vesicatoria</i> in Tomato Involves Regulation of Ethylene Receptor Gene Expression

Ciardi, Joseph A.; Tieman, Denise M.; Lund, Steven T.; Jones, Jeffrey B.; Stall, Robert E.; Klee, Harry J.

doi:10.1104/pp.123.1.81

Cited by 204 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…ETR4 is upregulated by Xcv and ethylene and negatively regulates tissue degeneration triggered by high ethylene levels (Ciardi et al, 2000). By contrast, ETR2 mRNA levels are not affected by Xcv or ethylene treatment.…”

Section: Xopd Suppresses Chlorophyll Loss and Alters Senescence-and Dmentioning

confidence: 96%

XopD SUMO Protease Affects Host Transcription, Promotes Pathogen Growth, and Delays Symptom Development inXanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves

et al. 2008

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We demonstrate that XopD, a type III effector from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv), suppresses symptom production during the late stages of infection in susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. XopD-dependent delay of tissue degeneration correlates with reduced chlorophyll loss, reduced salicylic acid levels, and changes in the mRNA abundance of senescence- and defense-associated genes despite high pathogen titers. Subsequent structure-function analyses led to the discovery that XopD is a DNA binding protein that alters host transcription. XopD contains a putative helix-loop-helix domain required for DNA binding and two conserved ERF-associated amphiphilic motifs required to repress salicylic acid– and jasmonic acid–induced gene transcription in planta. Taken together, these data reveal that XopD is a unique virulence factor in Xcv that alters host transcription, promotes pathogen multiplication, and delays the onset of leaf chlorosis and necrosis.

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Section: Xopd Suppresses Chlorophyll Loss and Alters Senescence-and Dmentioning

confidence: 96%

XopD SUMO Protease Affects Host Transcription, Promotes Pathogen Growth, and Delays Symptom Development inXanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves

et al. 2008

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“…The present results that overexpression of the ethylene receptor gene NTHK1 led to reduced ethylene sensitivity may be consistent with previous reports. Ciardi et al (2000) found that tomato ethylene receptor NR overexpression reduced ethylene sensitivity in seedlings and mature plants. Consistently, transgenic plants with reduced LeETR4 gene expression displayed multiple symptoms of extreme ethylene sensitivity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Ethylene Responses Affects Plant Salt-Stress Responses

et al. 2006

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Ethylene signaling plays important roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Its functions in abiotic stress responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that alteration of ethylene signaling affected plant salt-stress responses. A type II ethylene receptor homolog gene NTHK1 (Nicotiana tabacum histidine kinase 1) from tobacco (N. tabacum) conferred salt sensitivity in NTHK1-transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants as judged from the phenotypic change, the relative electrolyte leakage, and the relative root growth under salt stress. Ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype. Analysis of Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gain-of-function mutants further suggests that receptor function may lead to salt-sensitive responses. Mutation of EIN2, a central component in ethylene signaling, also results in salt sensitivity, suggesting that EIN2-mediated signaling is beneficial for plant salt tolerance. Overexpression of the NTHK1 gene or the receptor gain-of-function activated expression of salt-responsive genes AtERF4 and Cor6.6. In addition, the transgene NTHK1 mRNA was accumulated under salt stress, suggesting a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. These findings imply that ethylene signaling may be required for plant salt tolerance.

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“…Homozygous lines of the NR overexpressing lines described earlier (25) were crossed to LeETR4 antisense lines LeETR4AS-1 (homozygous for the transgene) or LeETR4AS-2 (heterozygous for the transgene).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA was extracted with SDS͞phenol followed by LiCl precipitations (25). RNase protection assays were performed by using a manufacturer's kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) as described (17,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tomato ethylene receptors NR and LeETR4 are negative regulators of ethylene response and exhibit functional compensation within a multigene family

Tieman

Taylor

Ciardi

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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352

202

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The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many developmental processes, including fruit ripening, abscission, senescence, and leaf epinasty. Tomato contains a family of ethylene receptors, designated LeETR1, LeETR2, NR, LeETR4, and LeETR5, with homology to the Arabidopsis ETR1 ethylene receptor. Transgenic plants with reduced LeETR4 gene expression display multiple symptoms of extreme ethylene sensitivity, including severe epinasty, enhanced flower senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Therefore, LeETR4 is a negative regulator of ethylene responses. Reduced expression of this single gene affects multiple developmental processes in tomato, whereas in Arabidopsis multiple ethylene receptors must be inactivated to increase ethylene response. Transgenic lines with reduced NR mRNA levels exhibit normal ethylene sensitivity but elevated levels of LeETR4 mRNA, indicating a functional compensation of LeETR4 for reduced NR expression. Overexpression of NR in lines with lowered LeETR4 gene expression eliminates the ethylene-sensitive phenotype, indicating that despite marked differences in structure these ethylene receptors are functionally redundant.

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Response to Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria in Tomato Involves Regulation of Ethylene Receptor Gene Expression

Cited by 204 publications

References 58 publications

XopD SUMO Protease Affects Host Transcription, Promotes Pathogen Growth, and Delays Symptom Development inXanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves

XopD SUMO Protease Affects Host Transcription, Promotes Pathogen Growth, and Delays Symptom Development inXanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves

Modulation of Ethylene Responses Affects Plant Salt-Stress Responses

The tomato ethylene receptors NR and LeETR4 are negative regulators of ethylene response and exhibit functional compensation within a multigene family

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