Response to Overdose Among Injection Drug Users

Pollini, Robin A.; McCall, Lisa; Mehta, Shruti H.; Celentano, David D.; Vlahov, David; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.002

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although drug overdoses are largely preventable, overdose prevention education programs remain in their infancy and inappropriate witness responses to overdose are common (Pollini et al 2006;Sergeev et al 2003;Tobin et al 2005;Tracy et al 2005). Programs in the US cities of New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Baltimore, and elsewhere have provided overdose prevention education and provision of naloxone--an injectable opiate antagonist that can immediately reverse an opiate overdose and prevent overdose death-to IDUs in an effort to prevent overdose morbidity and mortality (Maxwell et al 2006;Piper et al 2007;Seal et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shooting Gallery Attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: Correlates, Prevention Opportunities, and the Role of the Environment

et al. 2008

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We identified factors associated with shooting gallery attendance among injection drug users (IDUs) in two Mexico-US border cities. IDUs in Tijuana (n=222) and Ciudad Juarez (n=205), Mexico, who were >or=18 years and injected illicit drugs in the last month were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). An interviewer-administered survey collected sociodemographic and behavioral data. Logistic regression was used to examine correlates of shooting gallery attendance in each of the two cities. Homelessness and being arrested for syringe possession--both structural level factors--were associated with shooting gallery use in both cities. In Ciudad Juarez, younger age and having overdosed were also associated with shooting gallery use. Our study highlights the need for structural interventions that mitigate homelessness among IDUs and facilitate changes in law enforcement practices associated with shooting gallery use. Harm reduction interventions based within shooting galleries should also be considered to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens among IDUs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shooting Gallery Attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: Correlates, Prevention Opportunities, and the Role of the Environment

et al. 2008

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“…The reluctance of OPP training participants and drug users to call 911 for medical assistance in overdose situations has been observed in other cities and regions. 10,15,[18][19][20] However, the percentage of incidents in which 911 was or was not called varies across study populations and cities. For example, one Baltimore study that focused on overdose experiences of 924 IDUs (without a naloxone component) found that 911 was called in roughly two-thirds of the incidents.…”

Section: Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Distribution In Pittsburghmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, one Baltimore study that focused on overdose experiences of 924 IDUs (without a naloxone component) found that 911 was called in roughly two-thirds of the incidents. 19 Another Baltimore study of 397 current or former drug users (without a naloxone component) who had witnessed an overdose reported that emergency services were called in 23% of the cases. 18 A recent New York City study looking at the responses of drug users who had participated in an overdose prevention training program (with naloxone prescription) to overdose events found emergency services were called in 74% of the incidents.…”

Section: Overdose Prevention and Naloxone Distribution In Pittsburghmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,17 However, the extent to which people involved in overdose situations seek medical attention varies widely across cities. 10,11,[18][19][20] The contribution of prior research on overdose prevention and naloxone distribution programs is significant. However, more still needs to be known about the characteristics of overdose training participants and those who used naloxone in an overdose situation, the outcomes of naloxone administration, and the barriers drug users face in overdose situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Characteristics of an Overdose Prevention, Response, and Naloxone Distribution Program in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

et al. 2011

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Prevention Point Pittsburgh (PPP) is a public health advocacy organization that operates Allegheny County's only needle exchange program. In 2002, PPP implemented an Overdose Prevention Program (OPP) in response to an increase in heroin-related and opioid-related overdose fatalities in the region. In 2005, the OPP augmented overdose prevention and response trainings to include naloxone training and prescription. The objective of our study is to describe the experiences of 426 individuals who participated in the OPP between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008. Of these, 89 individuals reported administering naloxone in response to an overdose in a total of 249 separate overdose episodes. Of these 249 overdose episodes in which naloxone was administered, participants reported 96% were reversed. The data support findings from a growing body of research on similar programs in other cities. Community-based OPPs that equip drug users with skills to identify and respond to an overdose and prescribe naloxone can help users and their peers prevent and reverse potentially fatal overdoses without significant adverse consequences.

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“…12,13 In a Baltimore study, 37 % of injection drug users who did not call 911 during an overdose endorsed concerns about police as the most important reason they did not call. 13 Several states have enacted laws, commonly called Good Samaritan laws, to encourage calling 911 during overdoses on controlled substances; these laws are in part modeled on college campus alcohol Good Samaritan policies. 14 Overdose Good Samaritan laws had been adopted in ten states as of the end of 2012, but they have not yet been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police Officers’ and Paramedics’ Experiences with Overdose and Their Knowledge and Opinions of Washington State’s Drug Overdose–Naloxone–Good Samaritan Law

et al. 2013

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Opioid overdoses are an important public health concern. Concerns about police involvement at overdose events may decrease calls to 911 for emergency medical care thereby increasing the chances than an overdose becomes fatal. To address this concern, Washington State passed a law that provides immunity from drug possession charges and facilitates the availability of take-home-naloxone (the opioid overdose antidote) to bystanders in 2010. To examine the knowledge and opinions regarding opioid overdoses and this new law, police (n=251) and paramedics (n=28) in Seattle, WA were surveyed. The majority of police (64 %) and paramedics (89 %) had been at an opioid overdose in the prior year. Few officers (16 %) or paramedics (7 %) were aware of the new law. While arrests at overdose scenes were rare, drugs or paraphernalia were confiscated at 25 % of the most recent overdoses police responded to. Three quarters of officers felt it was important they were at the scene of an overdose to protect medical personnel, and a minority, 34 %, indicated it was important they were present for the purpose of enforcing laws. Police opinions about the immunity and naloxone provisions of the law were split, and we present a summary of the reasons for their opinions. The results of this survey were utilized in public health efforts by the police department which developed a roll call training video shown to all patrol officers. Knowledge of the law was low, and opinions of it were mixed; however, police were concerned about the issue of opioid overdose and willing to implement agency-wide training.

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Response to Overdose Among Injection Drug Users

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Shooting Gallery Attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: Correlates, Prevention Opportunities, and the Role of the Environment

Shooting Gallery Attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: Correlates, Prevention Opportunities, and the Role of the Environment

Characteristics of an Overdose Prevention, Response, and Naloxone Distribution Program in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Police Officers’ and Paramedics’ Experiences with Overdose and Their Knowledge and Opinions of Washington State’s Drug Overdose–Naloxone–Good Samaritan Law

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